Clinical Application of Plasmid-Based Cancer Vaccines

Auci, Dominick L.; Cecil, Denise L.; Broussard, Elizabeth K.; Liao, John B.; Holt, G.E.; Disis, Mary L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394295-1.00023-8

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 81 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Using a multiple-antigens plasmid-based vaccine leads to broadly specific, long lasting, and multifunctional immune stimulation [ 116 ]. Improved results were noticed [ 117 , 118 ].…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Approaches In Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene therapy for cancer: present status and future perspective

Amer¹

2014

Mol and Cell Ther

209

136

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Advancements in human genomics over the last two decades have shown that cancer is mediated by somatic aberration in the host genome. This discovery has incited enthusiasm among cancer researchers; many now use therapeutic approaches in genetic manipulation to improve cancer regression and find a potential cure for the disease. Such gene therapy includes transferring genetic material into a host cell through viral (or bacterial) and non-viral vectors, immunomodulation of tumor cells or the host immune system, and manipulation of the tumor microenvironment, to reduce tumor vasculature or to increase tumor antigenicity for better recognition by the host immune system. Overall, modest success has been achieved with relatively minimal side effects. Previous approaches to cancer treatment, such as retrovirus integration into the host genome with the risk of mutagenesis and second malignancies, immunogenicity against the virus and/or tumor, and resistance to treatment with disease relapse, have markedly decreased with the new generation of viral and non-viral vectors. Several tumor-specific antibodies and genetically modified immune cells and vaccines have been developed, yet few are presently commercially available, while many others are still ongoing in clinical trials. It is anticipated that gene therapy will play an important role in future cancer therapy as part of a multimodality treatment, in combination with, or following other forms of cancer therapy, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The type and mode of gene therapy will be determined based on an individual’s genomic constituents, as well as his or her tumor specifics, genetics, and host immune status, to design a multimodality treatment that is unique to each individual’s specific needs.

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“…Using a multiple-antigens plasmid-based vaccine leads to broadly specific, long lasting, and multifunctional immune stimulation [ 116 ]. Improved results were noticed [ 117 , 118 ].…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Approaches In Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene therapy for cancer: present status and future perspective

Amer¹

2014

Mol and Cell Ther

209

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements in Cancer Immunotherapy and Generation of CAR T Cell by CRISPR-Cas9

Saber

Biswas²,

Dey

et al. 2021

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The mechanisms involved in immune responses to cancer have been extensively studied for several decades, and considerable attention has been paid to harnessing the immune system’s therapeutic potential. Cancer immunotherapy has established itself as a promising new treatment option for a variety of cancer types. Various strategies including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive T-cell cancer therapy and CAR T-cell therapy have gained prominence through immunotherapy. However, the full potential of cancer immunotherapy remains to be accomplished. In spite of having startling aspects, cancer immunotherapies have some difficulties including the inability to effectively target cancer antigens and the abnormalities in patients’ responses. With the advancement in technology, this system has changed the genome-based immunotherapy process in the human body including the generation of engineered T cells. Due to its high specificity, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a simple and flexible genome editing tool to target nearly any genomic locus. Recently, the CD19-mediated CAR T-cell (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapy has opened a new avenue for the treatment of human cancer, though low efficiency is a major drawback of this process. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the CAR T cell (engineered T cells that induce the chimeric antigen receptor) by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology could be a better weapon to fight against cancer. In this review, we have broadly focused on recent immunotherapeutic techniques against cancer and the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for the modification of the T cell, which can specifically recognize cancer cells and be used as immune-therapeutics against cancer.

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Clinical Application of Plasmid-Based Cancer Vaccines

Cited by 2 publications

References 81 publications

Gene therapy for cancer: present status and future perspective

Gene therapy for cancer: present status and future perspective

A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements in Cancer Immunotherapy and Generation of CAR T Cell by CRISPR-Cas9

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