Clinical and therapeutic characterization of nonneoplastic mammary lesions in feline species females

Abstract

RESUMO -A hiperplasia fibroepitelial e a displasia cística são proliferações não neoplásicas da glândula mamária felina. Embora sejam benignas, possuem o carcinoma como principal diagnóstico diferencial. Objetivou-se estabelecer o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e terapêutico das neoformações mamárias não neoplásicas de gatas domésticas, no sentido de auxiliar aos clínicos veterinários no manejo destas mastopatias. A obtenção das informações, de forma retrospectiva, ocorreu por meio de fichas do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Foi colhida informação da anamnese, aspecto clínico das lesões, diagnóstico microscópico, terapia utilizada e resposta clínica. Os dados foram distribuídos em frequências. Verificou-se que a maioria das alterações (91%) correspondia à hiperplasia fibroepitelial, em contraste com apenas um (9%) caso de displasia cística. A citologia confirmou todas as situações de hiperplasia fibroepitelial, enquanto o diagnóstico definitivo da displasia cística foi obtido somente pela histopatologia. Grande parte das gatas estudadas possuía idade inferior a um ano, sendo usualmente não ovariectomizada e já submetida à terapia com progestágenos. O sinal clínico mais comum foi à cianose local. Em 90% das fêmeas com hiperplasia fibroepitelial mamária, o tratamento primário equivaleu à administração de fármaco antiprogestágeno (aglepristone). Após a regressão do tecido mamário, as pacientes foram submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia. Para a displasia cística, estabeleceu-se a associação da esterilização cirúrgica com a mastectomia. Para todas as situações, as distintas terapias promoveram a remissão definitiva das mastopatias. Os dados obtidos tornam-se fundamentais para a abordagem clínica e terapêutica das pacientes felinas acometidas por neoformações não neoplásicas da glândula mamária.Palavras-Chave: Estudo retrospectivo; Felis catus; mastopatias hiperplásicas e displásicas. ABSTRACT -The fibroepithelial hyperplasia and cystic dysplasia correspond to feline mammary gland nonneoplastic proliferations. Although benign, they have the carcinoma as the main differential diagnosis. The study aimed to establish the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic profile of nonneoplastic mammary neoformations of domestic cats, in order to help veterinary clinicians in the management of feline mastopathies. Information was obtained retrospectively from the Veterinary Hospital of the Semi-Arid Rural Federal University clinical records. Historical information, clinical appearance of the lesions and microscopic diagnosis were collected, besides the therapy used and the respective clinical response. The data were distributed in frequencies. It was found that most disorders (91%) corresponded to fibroepithelial hyperplasia, in contrast with one (9%) case of cystic dysplasia. Cytology was enough to confirm all cases of fibroepithelial hyperplasia, while the cystic dysplasia definitive diagnosis was obtained only by the histopathological exam. Many of the cats studied were under one year old,...

Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia in a Male Cat

“…The definitive diagnosis was fibroepithelial hyperplasia due to its non-neoplastic abnormality and benign biological behavior. There were no signs of the disease 11 months after surgery DISCUSSION FMH commonly affects young intact female cats in gestational periods, end of the estrous cycle, or, most commonly, receiving hormonal therapy with synthetic progesterone [1,9,12]. Although rare in male cats, FMH can occur due to exogen progesterone administration commonly used for the treatment of dermopathies, urinary incontinence, behavioral changes, or mistakenly as a contraceptive [3,5,12].…”

“…The treatment of FMH is based on removing the hormonal stimulus by interrupting the progesterone treatment and performing ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH) [1,3,8]. As it was a male, there was no possibility of OSH and the absence of exogenous hormone administration made it impossible to interrupt the treatment.…”

“…Aglepristone, a progesterone inhibitor, has been advocated for medical treatment of FMH because it simulates a decline in progesterone concentration and inhibits the stimulation of mammary tissue growth. However, several applications may be required, and 3 to 11 weeks may be necessary for complete resolution of the mammary swelling [1,7,9]. Also, aglepristone does not prevent recurrences, which can happen when there are high levels of systemic progesterone, or in a further exogenous progestogen administration [1,11].…”

“…However, several applications may be required, and 3 to 11 weeks may be necessary for complete resolution of the mammary swelling [1,7,9]. Also, aglepristone does not prevent recurrences, which can happen when there are high levels of systemic progesterone, or in a further exogenous progestogen administration [1,11]. There was a concern among authors if treatment with aglepristone could be effective in this case due to the unknown origin of the FMH.…”

“…Feline mammary hyperplasia (FMH) is a benign non-neoplastic disease that affects one or more mammary glands and characterizes by the rapid and disorderly proliferation of mammary stroma and duct epithelium [1,2]. FMH commonly occurs in young female cats in association with high serum progesterone concentration [1,12]. Cats receiving treatment with synthetic progesterone are at increased risk to develop FMH [9].…”