Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Gelatin/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Sponges with or without Concentrated Growth Factor in the treatment of Localized Class II Gingival Recession defects

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to compare, clinically and radiographically, the effectiveness of gelatin sponges loaded with β-tricalcium phosphate with or without concentrated growth factor (Groups I & III) versus collagen with concentrated growth factor (Group II) in the treatment of Miller class II gingival recession. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one sites in 11 patients with Miller class II gingival recession were included in the present study. Sites were allocated randomly to be treated with gelatin sponges loaded with β-tricalcium phosphate with or without concentrated growth factor and collagen with concentrated growth factor. At baseline and, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, the following clinical parameters were recorded: recession depth, recession width, pocket depth, clinical attachment level,height of keratinized gingiva, gingival thickness, percentage of root coverage, and digital measurement. Results: All groups showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters and labial bone gain was observed after 12 months compared to baseline measures. Groups II & III showed a statistically significant improvement when compared with Group I, while radiographically the differences in the amount of labial bone gain and volume between groups were not statistically significant at any study period post-treatment. However, there was more bone gain in group III than group II and both groups showed better results than group I. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that, gelatin sponges loaded with β-tricalcium phosphate with or without concentrated growth factor (Groups I & III) and collagen with concentrated growth factor (Group II), all led to favorable clinical, and radiographic outcomes. While collagen with concentrated growth factor showed superior clinical results and gelatin sponges loaded with β-tricalcium phosphate with concentrated growth showed superior radiographic results compared to gelatin sponges loaded with β-tricalcium phosphate alone, it was therefore postulated that, the addition of concentrated growth factor may have been a potentiating material, which could have enhanced periodontal tissue repair.