Clinical and Hematological Aspects of 137Cs

Brandão‐Mello, Carlos Eduardo; Oliveira, A. R.; Valverde, N.; Farina, R.; Cordeiro, João Marcos Soares Miranda

doi:10.1097/00004032-199101000-00004

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Experiments to Measure GI Tract Passage of the Absorbents To measure the levels of resorption in GI-tract of radiocesium from cesium absorbents, 5 mg of Prussian blue, K 2 NiFe(CN) 6 , K 2 CoFe(CN) 6 or zeolite which bound to with 11 pmol of 137 Cs at 37°C overnight were orally administrated. After 24 h, each feces were collected and radioactivity were measured.…”

Section: Cesium-absorbents and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orally administered drugs were administered through a stomach tube at the following daily doses per ki- 6 , 150 mg zeolite, 50 mg trichlormethiazide, 40 mg indapamide, 10 mg eplerenone, 3.0 or 6.0 g isosorbide, 6.0 mg nisoldipine, 1 mmol NaCl, 7.0 g magnesium succinate, or 6.5 g D-sorbitol. The volume was less than 20 mL/kg bodyweight and the same volume of water was used as a negative control.…”

Section: Cesium-absorbents and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7) Although standard treatment using domestic stockpiles of Radiogardase ® is established, 8) medical concepts are evolving to enhance the effectiveness and reduce patient discomfort. Recent findings and technologic advancements reveal room for improvement of the radiocesium decorporation method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also examined the effect of drugs that act to facilitate urinary and fecal excretion of body fluids. 6 (final conc.=66.3 µmol/mL of ferrocyanide) was kept on ice. After adding 50% glutaraldehyde (Wako) to a final concentration of 1.5%, the mixture was emulsified with a 4-fold volume of mineral oil (Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC, U.S.A.) containing 2.5% sorbitan sesquioleate (Sigma-Aldrich).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Absorbents and Drugs for Internal Decorporation of Radiocesium: Advances of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Microsphere Preparations Containing Magnetite and Prussian Blue

Tanaka¹,

Ishiguro²,

Yakumaru³

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Radiocesium nuclides, used as a gamma ray source in various types of industrial equipments and found in nuclear waste, are strictly controlled to avoid their leakage into the environment. When large amounts of radiocesium are accidentally incorporated into the human body, decorporation therapy should be considered. Although standard decorporation methods have been studied since the 1960s and were established in the 1970s with the drug Radiogardase ® (a Prussian blue preparation), application of recent advances in pharmacokinetics and ethical standards could improve these methods. Here we designed a modern dosage form of hydrogel containing cesium-absorbents to alleviate intestinal mucosa irritation due to the cesium-binding capacity of the absorbents. The effectiveness of the dosage form on fecal excretion was confirmed by quantitative mouse experiments. The total cesium excretion rate of the crystal form (1.37 0.09) was improved by the hydrogel form (1.52 0.10) at the same dose of Prussian blue, with a longer gastrointestinal tract transit time. Using a mouse model, we compared the effects of several drugs on fecal and urinary excretion of internal cesium, without the use of absorbents. Only phenylephrine hydrochloride significantly enhanced cesium excretion (excretion rate of 1.17 0.08) via the urinary pathway, whereas none of the diuretic drugs tested had this effect. These findings indicate that modifying the dosage form of cesium absorbents is important for the decorporation of internal radiocesium contamination.

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Section: Cesium-absorbents and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cesium-absorbents and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Absorbents and Drugs for Internal Decorporation of Radiocesium: Advances of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Microsphere Preparations Containing Magnetite and Prussian Blue

Tanaka¹,

Ishiguro²,

Yakumaru³

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…In 1987,Goiania, 50 people were both internally and externally exposed to 137Cs and 15 people demonstrated bone marrow suppression characterized by neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. 8 people received intravenous GM-CSF treatment, however, 8 of 14 died due to hemorrhage and infection (4). In 2005, Chile, a 27-year-old man picked up a gammagraphy radioactive source ( 192 Ir, 3.3TBq) with his left hand and inserted in his left pocket of the trouser in the buttock resulted severe pain, erythema, swelling and lastly necrosis continued to several weeks (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells are effective for chronic intractable radiation injuries

Akita

Yoshimoto

Ohtsuru

et al. 2012

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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Abstract:Effective therapy for chronic radiation injuries such as ulcer, prone to infection and stiffness are expected. As the therapeutic radiation is often involve wider and deeper tissues and often require extensive debridement and reconstruction, which are not sometimes appropriate for elderly and compromised hosts.Autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) are highly yielding form relatively elderly aged consecutive 10 cases, 63.6 ± 14.9 years (52 to 89 years), with mean radiation dose of 75.0 ± 35.4 Gy (50 to 120 Gy) were included with at least 10-month follow-ups. Minimal debridement and ADRC injection in the wound bed and margin along with injection of mixture of fat and ADRCs in the periphery were tested for efficacy and regenerated tissue quality by clinically as well as imaging by CT and MRI.Uncultured ADRCs of 1.6 ± 1.3 × 10 7 cells were obtained. All cases healed uneventfully after 6.6 ± 3.2 weeks (2 to 10 weeks) post-operatively. The done site morbidity was negligible and no major complications such as paralysis or massive hematoma. The regenerated tissue quality was significantly superior to the pre-operatively and the mixture of fat and ADRCs connected to the intact tissue demonstrated very soft and pliable quality. Mean follow-up at 1.9 ± 0.8 years (0.9 to 2.9 years) revealed no recurrence or new ulceration after treatment. Thus, the ADRC s treatment for decades-long radiation injuries is effective, safe and improves the quality of wounds.

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First Global Consensus for Evidence-Based Management of the Hematopoietic Syndrome Resulting From Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Dainiak¹,

Gent²,

Carr³

et al. 2011

Disaster med. public health prep.

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ABSTRACTObjective:Hematopoietic syndrome (HS) is a clinical diagnosis assigned to people who present with ≥1 new-onset cytopenias in the setting of acute radiation exposure. The World Health Organization convened a panel of experts to evaluate the evidence and develop recommendations for medical countermeasures for the management of HS in a hypothetical scenario involving the hospitalization of 100 to 200 individuals exposed to radiation. The objective of this consultancy was to develop recommendations for treatment of the HS based upon the quality of evidence.Methods:English-language articles were identified in MEDLINE and PubMed. Reference lists of retrieved articles were distributed to panel members before the meeting and updated during the meeting. Published case series and case reports of individuals with HS, published randomized controlled trials of relevant interventions used to treat nonirradiated individuals, reports of studies in irradiated animals, and prior recommendations of subject matter experts were selected. Studies were extracted using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. In cases in which data were limited or incomplete, a narrative review of the observations was made. No randomized controlled trials of medical countermeasures have been completed for individuals with radiation-associated HS. The use of GRADE analysis of countermeasures for injury to hematopoietic tissue was restricted by the lack of comparator groups in humans. Reliance on data generated in nonirradiated humans and experimental animals was necessary.Results:Based upon GRADE analysis and narrative review, a strong recommendation was made for the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and a weak recommendation was made for the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Conclusions:Assessment of therapeutic interventions for HS in humans exposed to nontherapeutic radiation is difficult because of the limits of the evidence.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:202-212)

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Clinical and Hematological Aspects of 137Cs

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Absorbents and Drugs for Internal Decorporation of Radiocesium: Advances of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Microsphere Preparations Containing Magnetite and Prussian Blue

Comparison of Absorbents and Drugs for Internal Decorporation of Radiocesium: Advances of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Microsphere Preparations Containing Magnetite and Prussian Blue

Autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells are effective for chronic intractable radiation injuries

First Global Consensus for Evidence-Based Management of the Hematopoietic Syndrome Resulting From Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

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