Clinical and clinicopathological features and outcomes of Miniature Dachshunds with bone marrow disorders

Abstract

Non-neoplastic bone marrow disorders such as non-regenerative immune-mediated anemia, pure red cell aplasia, and myelodysplastic syndrome are major causes of nonregenerative anemia in dogs. However, there has been no study on the clinical and clinicopathological features of canine non-neoplastic bone marrow disorders in Japan. Hence, we first investigated the breed disposition of non-neoplastic bone marrow disorders that induce anemia as a retrospective study and found that Miniature Dachshund (MD) was a predisposed breed. Based on this finding, we investigated the clinical and clinicopathological features of non-neoplastic bone marrow disorders in MDs as a preliminary retrospective study, and we compared them between immunosuppressive treatment-responsive and-resistant MDs. We found that treatmentresistant MDs showed thrombocytosis and increased frequencies of dysplastic features in the peripheral blood. These results indicate that bone marrow disorders in treatmentresistant MDs might manifest distinct features compared with those in treatmentsensitive MDs, and sensitivity to immunosuppressive treatments could be predicted based on thrombocytosis and dysplastic features in the peripheral blood. Further studies that examine aberrations in the genome are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of bone marrow disorders in MDs.

Presumptive hemophagocytic syndrome associated with immune-mediated anemia in two Miniature Dachshunds

“…Therefore, the available evidence regarding the detailed clinicopathologic findings and clinical course of the disease is insufficient. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that the Miniature Dachshund (MD) breed is predisposed to non-neoplastic bone marrow (BM) diseases that induce non-regenerative anemia [ 2 , 17 ]. Cases of immunosuppressive treatment-resistant MDs with anemia frequently occur in Japan; however, the cause and pathophysiology of such cases have not been clarified yet.…”

“…Cases of immunosuppressive treatment-resistant MDs with anemia frequently occur in Japan; however, the cause and pathophysiology of such cases have not been clarified yet. Furthermore, there is currently no report of a case of an MD with HPS-IMHA and non-regenerative anemia [ 17 ]. In this report, we describe the clinicopathological findings and clinical courses of the cases of two MDs with HPS-IMHA.…”

“…In Japan, a study investigated the breed predisposition of dogs that are diagnosed with non-neoplastic BM disorders, which induce non-regenerative anemia, such as suspected immune-mediated disease [ 17 ]. MD was identified as a breed with a predisposition for these disorders, but HPS with non-regenerative anemia was not included in this previous study.…”

Improvement of anemia in five dogs with nonregenerative anemia treated with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells

“…Case 5 demonstrated nonregenerative anemia, and other causes of nonregenerative anemia were ruled out. The fact that the dog was a miniature dachshund, a breed predisposed to NRIMA in Japan ( Tani et al., 2020 ), increased the likelihood of NRIMA.…”

“…Nonregenerative anemia is a relatively common condition in dogs, with known causes including inflammatory diseases, chronic renal disease, nutritional anemia, or bone marrow diseases. Among them, pure red cell anemia (PRCA) and nonregenerative immune-mediated anemia (NRIMA) are the most common bone marrow diseases ( Weiss, 2006 ), especially in Japan where the incidence of NRIMA in miniature dachshunds is very high ( Tani, Tomiyasu, Ohmi, Ohno & Tsujimoto, 2020 ). PRCA is thought to be caused by a lack of erythroblast progenitor cells, whereas NRIMA is thought to be caused by phagocytosis and abnormal differentiation of erythroblasts in the bone marrow ( Weiss, 2008 ; Woolhead, Szladovits, Chan, Swann & Glanemann, 2021 ).…”