Clinical anatomical study and evaluation of the use of the free anteromedial thigh perforator flaps in reconstructions of the head and neck

Use of Intraoperative Fluorescent Angiography to Assess and Optimize Free Tissue Transfer in Head and Neck Reconstruction

“…6 In certain cases, some patients may lack any useful perforators to the planned ALT flap, necessitating bailout options such as a medial thigh flap, which has proved to be useful in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. 25 The use of ICGLA can decrease the incidence of failed donor flap harvest owing to inadequate perforator anatomy and can decrease morbidity by more reliably predicting the presence of the perforating vasculature and flap design intraoperatively and immediately before the actual flap harvest. 26 In addition to the previous use of laser angiography, a second useful application of ICGLA is in the assessment of vascular anastomoses.…”

Revisit of the anatomy of the distal perforator of the descending genicular artery and clinical application of its perforator “propeller” flap in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the knee

“…The introduction of perforator flaps has increased the potential reconstructive options that were limited in patellar and peripatellar reconstructions because the regional muscular or myocutaneous flaps (vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, sartorius, and gastrocnemius) have a high donor‐site morbidity and lack of the necessary thinness and pliability required for optimal function of the joint, and random skin or cross‐leg fasciocutaneous flaps require uncomfortable long‐term immobilization of the patients . There are wide clinical applications of flaps raised by the lateral counterpart, but there has been increasing general agreement recently regarding the use of free and pedicle flaps harvested from the anteromedial thigh (AMT) . The distal half of the AMT has been proven to be an excellent donor‐site region for coverage of the knee and upper leg soft tissue defects …”

Transverse cervical vessels as recipient vessels in oral and maxillofacial microsurgical reconstruction after former operations with or without radiotherapy

“…In this series, the distance between the anastomosis site and the acceptor site is less than 10 cm, with a mean length of 7.9 cm. Because the mainstay free flaps, such as the radial forearm flap [ 20 ], ALT [ 21 ], and AMT [ 22 ], typically having a long pedicle, they are adequate for reaching the TCVs; therefore, these flaps are preferred over flaps with short pedicles. For a fibula flap, the uses of the pedicle remain limited if a long bone is required, although the pedicle could be lengthened by using the distal portion of the fibula.…”