Climatology of monsoon rains of Myanmar (Burma)

Roy, N. Sen; Kaur, Surinder

doi:10.1002/1097-0088(20000630)20:8<913::aid-joc485>3.3.co;2-l

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Sen Roy and Kaur (2000) gave an overview of the climatology of monsoon rains of Myanmar using 33 years of station-level monthly data. After this study, about 75 % of the country's annual average rainfall is from June to September (Sen Roy and Kaur, 2000). Sein et al (2015) concluded that the summer monsoon accounts for almost 90 % of Myanmar's observed rainfall.…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Sein et al (2015) concluded that the summer monsoon accounts for almost 90 % of Myanmar's observed rainfall. The monsoon rains reach the southern part of Myanmar by around the third week of May and cover the entire country by the beginning of June (Sen Roy and Kaur, 2000). Results of a study by Sen Roy and Sen Roy (2011) showed the existence of five homogenous precipitation regions, namely, northern, western, central, eastern and southern Myanmar.…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myanmar's climate is largely influenced by the Indian summer monsoon as well as by convective rainfall from the Bay of Bengal (Sen Roy and Kaur, 2000;D'Arrigo et al, 2011;Htway and Matsumoto, 2011;Sein et al, 2015). The patterns of rainfall indicate considerable complexity, particularly in summer, when Indian and East Asian monsoon circulations interact (D'Arrigo et al, 2011).…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The headwaters of the Ayeyarwady River are fed by glacier melt in the Himalayan Mountains and the river discharge is likely to change due to climate change impacts. Myanmar's climate is directly influenced by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM; Sen Roy and Kaur, 2000;Sein et al, 2015), which is the second basic source of Myanmar's rivers. It is currently still not predictable whether the complex Asian monsoon circulation will strengthen, weaken or become more variable as a result of global warming (Turner and Annamalai, 2012;IPCC, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of current and possible future human–water dynamics in Myanmar's river basins

Taft

Evers

2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Rivers provide a large number of ecosystem services and riparian people depend directly and indirectly on water availability and quality and quantity of the river waters. The country's economy and the people's well-being and income, particularly in agriculturally dominated countries, are strongly determined by the availability of sufficient water. This is particularly true for the country of Myanmar in South-east Asia, where more than 65% of the population live in rural areas, working in the agricultural sector. Only a few studies exist on river basins in Myanmar at all and detailed knowledge providing the basis for human-water research is very limited. A deeper understanding of human-water system dynamics in the country is required because Myanmar's society, economy, ecosystems and water resources are facing major challenges due to political and economic reforms and massive and rapid investments from neighbouring countries. However, not only policy and economy modify the need for water. Climate variability and change are other essential drivers within human-water systems. Myanmar's climate is influenced by the Indian Monsoon circulation which is subject to interannual and also regional variability. Particularly the central dry zone and the Ayeyarwady delta are prone to extreme events such as serious drought periods and extreme floods. On the one hand, the farmers depend on the natural fertiliser brought by regular river inundations and high groundwater levels for irrigation; on the other hand, they suffer from these water-related extreme events. It is expected that theses climatic extreme events will likely increase in frequency and magnitude in the future as a result of global climate change. Different national and international interests in the abundant water resources may provide opportunities and risks at the same time for Myanmar. Several dam projects along the main courses of the rivers are currently in the planning phase. Dams will most likely modify the river flows, the sediment loads and also the still rich biodiversity in the river basins, to an unknown extent. Probably, these natural and anthropogenically induced developments will also impact a special type of farming; we call it alluvial farming in the river floodplains and on sandbars in the Ayeyarwady River basin in Myanmar, which is called Kaing and Kyun, respectively.Relevant aspects for future development of Myanmar's river basins combine environment-water-related factors, climate, economic and social development, water management and land use changes. Research on these interplays needs to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of these drivers. However, it is only possible to gain a full understanding of all these complex interrelationships if multi-scale spatiotemporal information is analysed in an inter-and trans-disciplinary approach. This paper gives a structured overview of the current scientific knowledge available and reveals the relevance of this information with regard to human-environment and particularly to human-water ...

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Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of current and possible future human–water dynamics in Myanmar's river basins

Taft

Evers

2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The pre‐1979 precipitation increase actually began in the early 1950s, but we started with 1958 due to the limitation of ERA40. Noteworthy is that the 1958–1978 precipitation increase has also been reported for central Myanmar [ Sen Roy and Kaur , ]. As shown in Figures b and c, the trends in the upper‐level circulations are very different between the two eras, even though they both are linked to increased precipitation in Myanmar.…”

Section: Changes In Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification of premonsoon tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and its impacts on Myanmar

et al. 2013

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[1] We analyze multiple global reanalysis and precipitation datasets in order to explain the dynamic mechanisms that lead to an observed intensification of the monsoon trough and associated tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) during the premonsoon month of May. We find that post-1979 increases in both premonsoon precipitation and TC intensity are a result of enhanced large-scale monsoon circulation, characterized by lower-level cyclonic and upper-level anticyclonic anomalies. Such circulation anomalies are manifest of the tropospheric expansion that is caused by regional warming. The deepened monsoon trough in the BOB not only affects TC frequency and timing, but also acts to direct more cyclones towards Myanmar. We propose that increasing sea surface temperature in the BOB has contributed to an increase in cyclone intensity. Our analyses of the Community Earth System Model single-forcing experiments suggest that tropospheric warming and a deepening of the monsoon trough can be explained by two discreet anthropogenic causes-an increase in absorption due to aerosol loading and an increase in the land-ocean thermal contrast that results from increased greenhouse gases. The ensuing circulation changes provide favorable conditions for TCs to grow and to track eastward towards Myanmar.

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Provenance of the Late Quaternary sediments in the Andaman Sea: Implications for monsoon variability and ocean circulation

Awasthi

Ray

Singh

et al. 2014

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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We present a geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic study on a sediment core collected from the Andaman Sea in an attempt to reconstruct the Late Quaternary weathering and erosion patterns in the watersheds of the river systems of Myanmar and understand their controlling factors. Age control is based on nine radiocarbon dates and d18 O stratigraphy. The rate of sedimentation was strongly controlled by fluctuations of the monsoon. We identify three major sediment provenances: (1) the Irrawaddy catchment, (2) the western slopes of the Indo-Burman-Arakan (IBA) mountain ranges and the Andaman Islands, and (3) the catchments of Salween and Sittang and the Bengal shelf, with the first two contributing 30-60% of the material. Enhanced contributions from juvenile sources and corresponding positive shifts of d 18 O are observed at seven time periods (11-14, 20-23, 36, 45, 53, 57, and 62 ka) of which five are synchronous with cooling of the northern hemisphere, suggesting a link between the changes in sediment provenances and the shifting of the locus of the summer monsoon, southward from the Himalayas, without substantial reduction in intensity. Our data, and that from other cores in the region suggest that an eastward moving surface current disperses sediments, derived from the Bengal shelf and western margin of Myanmar, from the eastern Bay of Bengal into the western Andaman Sea and that its strength has increased since the LGM. The existence of this current during the LGM implies that the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal were well connected during the last glacial period.

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Climatology of monsoon rains of Myanmar (Burma)

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

A review of current and possible future human–water dynamics in Myanmar's river basins

A review of current and possible future human–water dynamics in Myanmar's river basins

Intensification of premonsoon tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and its impacts on Myanmar

Provenance of the Late Quaternary sediments in the Andaman Sea: Implications for monsoon variability and ocean circulation

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