Climate Scenarios And Your Changes In The Life Zone For Brazil

Abstract

Climate classification systems are tools capable of facilitating the analysis, grouping, delimitation, and dissemination of climatic characteristics of a region, contributing to the delimitation of areas of fitness in the agricultural sector and validation of various models of climate change. Thus, we seek to determine life zones for Brazil using the ecological classification of Holdridge (1967) in different scenarios of climate change. A 30-year historical series (1989-2019) of climatic data of average air temperature (° C) and rainfall (mm) was used for the entire Brazilian territory, obtained through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration / Prediction of World platform Wide Energy Resources - (NASA/POWER). Potential evapotranspiration (PET) was estimated by the method of Camargo (1971) using combinations between annual precipitation, average annual biotemperature, average annual basal biotemperature, and the relationship between evapotranspiration and altitude, the life zones for the Holdridge (1967) system were defined. The scenarios used were based on the IPCC (2014) projections. The average temperature in Brazil ranges from 13.1 to 28.0 ° C and the average annual precipitation is 1467 (± 46.91) mm. In the current scenario for the classification of Holdridge (1967) the predominant zone of life is the humid basal tropical forest in 60.57% of the territory. The increase in temperature causes a predominance of the living zones Basal tropical rainforest in 48.92% for S2 and Basal tropical rainforest in 48.95% in S3, the reduction in precipitation S4 generates the predominance of the living zone Basal tropical forest drought in 49.87%, with the increase in precipitation S5 there is a predominance of the zone of life Low humid basal tropical forest in 50.12% of the territory. The great variability of the obtained life zones makes the Holdridge system a useful tool to validate climate change scenarios.