Climate Change and the Persistence of Weeds

Clements, David R.; DiTommaso, Antonio

doi:10.1002/9781119525622.ch12

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Weeds compete strongly with crops and easily adapt to diverse environmental conditions [38][39][40]. In turn, crop plants whose individual agricultural varieties are adapted to optimal habitat conditions are often less competitive against weeds, including herbicideresistant biotypes [41][42][43]. Therefore, it is crucial to know how weeds with different levels of resistance to herbicides will compete with crops and whether resistant biotypes will incur a cost from acquiring so-called resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Phenological Development of Herbicide-Sensitive and Herbicide-Resistant Biotypes of Apera Spica-Venti and Winter Wheat under Competition

Jop,

Wójtowicz,

Marczewska-Kolasa

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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As a result of intensive herbicide protection of crops against silky bentgrass (Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv), numerous herbicide-resistant biotypes have been selected, mainly from the group of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. We analyzed the development of herbicide-sensitive and herbicide-resistant biotypes of bentgrass and winter wheat under competition, taking into account selected physical and chemical properties of the soil, including nitrogen fertilization. The pot experiment (additive model) was conducted in the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons. The experimental factors included: (1) bentgrass with different sensitivity levels to herbicides from the groups HRAC/WSSA 1 and HRAC/WSSA 2, specifically two sensitive and three resistant biotypes; (2) two types of soil, sandy and clay; and (3) nitrogen fertilization, both with and without fertilization. Winter wheat and bentgrass development was assessed during each growing season, every 5 or 3 days from September until May, using the BBCH scale. The emergence date of the tested species/biotypes was recorded. The development of competing species was compared based on a new, proposed index: the duration of the developmental phases. As a result, the soil type and fertilization level differentiated wheat and bentgrass emergence dates and development. The autumn development of the competing species was slower and more uniform than the spring one. At the same time, the dynamics of the bentgrass and wheat development in the spring were greater. Bentgrass and winter wheat emerged earlier and grew more intensively on clay and fertilized soil. To sum up, no clear relationship was found between the resistance/sensitivity of bentgrass to herbicides and changes in the phenological development of plants in competition with winter wheat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Phenological Development of Herbicide-Sensitive and Herbicide-Resistant Biotypes of Apera Spica-Venti and Winter Wheat under Competition

Jop,

Wójtowicz,

Marczewska-Kolasa

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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“…Due to their rapid growth and establishment, they can easily spread to new territories, and may induce changes in the biodiversity of ecosystems. Since 1998, ALS inhibitors have surpassed all other herbicide classes in terms of the number of weed species for which a resistant population was reported [24]. This resistance may be due to mutations in the ALS enzyme, decreased affinity, synthesis of specific amino acids, and herbicide transfer [25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Response to ALS-Inhibitor Herbicide (Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron Methyl) under Increased Temperature and Carbon Dioxide

et al. 2023

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Information on the impact of climate change on the growth of weed species and their sensitivity to herbicides could help to establish an efficient weed management strategy. Due to the excessive use of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides, resistance to those herbicides is increasing globally. It is, thus, crucial to find out whether the efficacy of these herbicides will change in the future due to the increase in temperatures and carbon dioxide concentration. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) changes on the growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Bromus tectorum, Chenopodium album, and Echinochloa crus-galli, including the assessment of sulfosulfuron 75% + metsulfuron methyl 5% efficacy in these weeds. A factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 × 6), including two CO2 concentrations (400 and 700 ppm), two temperature regimes (30/20 °C and 34/24 °C day/night), and six herbicide rates (0, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, and 75 g ha−1). As a result, it was seen that temperature and CO2 concentration changes influenced the morphological variables of the weeds. The temperature regime affected the herbicide’s effectiveness on B. tectorum and E. crus-galli. The herbicide’s efficacy on weed species was affected by the interaction of herbicide rates and the temperature regime, except for on E. crus-galli; the highest efficacy was observed at 30/20 °C and at a rate 50% higher (75 g ha−1) than the recommended one (50 g ha−1). Except for E. crus-galli, increasing CO2 concentrations enhanced the herbicide efficacy and ALS enzyme activity inhibition in all the weed species, but had the greatest effect on C3 weeds. We found that temperature and CO2 levels can alter the efficacy of weed control with herbicides, with clear differences between C3 and C4 plants. As a result, by increasing the temperature and concentration of CO2, breeders and farmers may achieve the desired control of weed species such as B. tectorum, C. album and A. retroflexus by applying lower doses of this herbicide.

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“…[35,36]. Through global warming, as well as its associated changes in climate such as altered precipitation patterns, wind patterns, sea level rise, and flood and drought more frequently, global CO 2 enrichment is thought to influence the drymatter of weeds and crop yields directly [18,106]. It has been reported that elevated CO 2 concentration cause an increases in photosynthesis [19,31,42], decrease in photorespiration and respiration [110], different crop and weed species differ in their response to elevated CO 2 concentration levels [73].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Weed Problems under Changing Climatic Condition: A Review

Keerthi,

Sharmili,

Arun

et al. 2023

IJECC

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Climate is a major force in earth’s environmental system, and even minor changes in climate can have complex and serious effects on the environment. Atmospheric CO2, temperature and precipitation are major important abiotic variables that directly affect weed physiology and growth. Weeds are more genetically diverse than crops, hence show enhanced growth and reproductive stability than crops. Among the C3 and C4 weeds in cropped field, C3 weeds have more response in photosynthesis to increased CO2 level in atmosphere. The elevated CO2 under sufficient soil moisture condition will leads the higher C3 weed competitiveness in C4 crops. So weed growth is favoured as CO2 is increased. Temperature changes resulted in an expansion of weeds, and shifting of weeds. Based on the differences in temperature, the C4 spp. able to tolerate high temperature than C3 spp. Therefore, C4 weeds benefit more than the C3 crops from temperature increases that accompany elevated CO2 levels. Due to global warming, weeds expand their range into new areas. Precipitation is also one of the important climate variable that influences the growth and distribution of weeds growth. Even though CO2 concentration level and temperature rise in future are predictable, amount, distribution, and intensity of rainfall patterns remains much more uncertain. Moisture is a key factor required for weed seed germination, growth and development. Climate change can affect the frequency and intensity of rainfall and result in occurrences of extreme events such as floods and droughts; consequently, weeds adapted to these conditions will have a higher competitive advantage.

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Climate Change and the Persistence of Weeds

Cited by 5 publications

References 128 publications

Emergence and Phenological Development of Herbicide-Sensitive and Herbicide-Resistant Biotypes of Apera Spica-Venti and Winter Wheat under Competition

Emergence and Phenological Development of Herbicide-Sensitive and Herbicide-Resistant Biotypes of Apera Spica-Venti and Winter Wheat under Competition

Weed Response to ALS-Inhibitor Herbicide (Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron Methyl) under Increased Temperature and Carbon Dioxide

Emerging Weed Problems under Changing Climatic Condition: A Review

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