Climate Change and Infectious Diseases; Evidence from Highly Vulnerable Countries

Anwar, Asim; Anwar, Sajid; Ayub, M.; Nawaz, Faisal A.; Hyder, Shabir; Khan, Nadir; Malik, Imran Riaz

doi:10.18502/ijph.v48i12.3549

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several studies also indicated that the climate and geographical background are likely to be fundamental driving mechanisms of the pandemic ( Mendez-Arriaga, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2020 ). Moreover, some studies found that global climate change might interfere with the outbreak of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases ( Anwar et al, 2019 ; Casadevall, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological factors' effects on COVID-19 show seasonality and spatiality in Brazil

Yin

Zhao

Pereira

2022

Environmental Research

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The meteorological conditions may affect COVID-19 transmission. However, the roles of seasonality and macro-climate are still contentious due to the limited time series for early-stage studies. We studied meteorological factors’ effects on COVID-19 transmission in Brazil from February 25 to November 15, 2020. We aimed to explore whether this impact showed seasonal characteristics and spatial variations related to the macro-climate. We applied two-way fixed-effect models to identify the effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19 transmission and used spatial analysis to explore their spatial-temporal characteristics with a relatively long-time span. The results showed that cold, dry and windless conditions aggravated COVID-19 transmission. The daily average temperature, humidity, and wind speed negatively affected the daily new cases. Humidity and temperature played a dominant role in this process. For the time series, the influences of meteorological conditions on COVID-19 had a periodic fluctuation of 3–4 months (in line with the seasons in Brazil). The turning points of this fluctuation occurred in seasonal changes time. Spatially, the negative effects of temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission were clustered in the northeastern and central parts of Brazil. This is consistent with the range of arid climate types. Overall, the seasonality and similar climate types should be considered to estimate the spatial-temporal COVID-19 patterns. The critical time for COVID-19 is in the winter, especially in the northern part of Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological factors' effects on COVID-19 show seasonality and spatiality in Brazil

Yin

Zhao

Pereira

2022

Environmental Research

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“…Meteorological factors such as AT, DTR, RH, WV, AP, PRE, and HS are important factors influencing the survival of microorganisms in the external environment (Anwar et al 2019, Bezirtzoglou et al 2011, Casadevall 2020, Chan et al 2011, Liu et al 2020a. For decades, experts have issued warnings that climate change may affect the epidemiology of infectious diseases (Casadevall 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactive effects of ambient air pollutants-meteorological factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities

Zhou

Qin

Meng

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Emerging evidence has confirmed meteorological factors and air pollutants affect novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no studies to date have considered the impact of interactions between meteorological factors and air pollutants on COVID-19 transmission. This study explores the association between ambient air pollutants (PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 , CO, and O 3), meteorological factors (average temperature, diurnal temperature range, relative humidity, wind velocity, air pressure, precipitation, and hours of sunshine), and their interaction on confirmed case counts of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities. We modeled total confirmed cases of COVID-19 as the dependent variable with meteorological factors, air pollutants, and their interactions as the independent variables. To account for potential migration effects, we included the migration scale index (MSI) from Wuhan to each of the 120 cities included in the model, using data from 15 Jan. to 18 Mar. 2020. As an important confounding factor, MSI was considered in a negative binomial regression analysis. Positive associations were found between the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and CO, PM 2.5 , relative humidity, and O 3 , with and without MSI-adjustment. Negative associations were also found for SO 2 and wind velocity both with and without controlling for population migration. In addition, air pollutants and meteorological factors had interactive effects on COVID-19 after controlling for MSI. In conclusion, air pollutants, meteorological factors, and their interactions all affect COVID-19 cases. Keywords Air pollutants. COVID-19. Interactive effect. Meteorological parameters. Migration scale index. Negative binomial regression Highlights • A comprehensive study is to explore the effects of both air pollutants and meteorological factors and their interaction effects on COVID-19 confirmed cases with and without controlling population migration. • COVID-19 confirmed cases and CO, PM 2.5 , and relative humidity are positively associated. • SO 2 is negatively correlated with COVID-19 confirmed cases. • The pollutants-meteorological factors interaction effects also associated with COVID-19.

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“…The increase in average temperature can worsen chronic conditions such as respiratory, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular and diabetes-related conditions [ 39 ]. The studies in the literature have assessed the effect of extreme temperature on health and found a significant impact on human health [ 4 , 40 ]. Ref.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air pollution is considered to be a silent killer and termed as a major risk component for health in both infants and adults [ 4 , 5 ], lower labor supply and labor productivity [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 9 ] estimated air pollution was responsible for 24% of cases of stroke, 25% of ischemic heart disease, 28% of lung cancer and 43% of chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Ambient air pollution (PM 2.5 ) was responsible for almost 4.2 million deaths in 2018, of which 18% were attributed to acute respiratory infection [ 4 ]. The most lethal pollutants closely associated with human health are PM 2.5 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Environmental Quality on Healthcare Expenditures in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Approach

et al. 2022

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Objective: The deterioration in environmental quality has an economic and social cost. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of environmental factors on health expenditures in developing countries. Method: To analyze the relationship between environmental quality (air pollution and temperature) and health expenditure in thirty-three developing countries, the study uses system generalized method of moments (GMM) using data from 2000 to 2017. Results: The results suggest a positive effect of both air pollution and temperature on health expenditure. However, the effect is highest for government health expenditure, followed by private and total health expenditure in the studied countries. The results further suggest that the impact of environmental factors is greater in higher-income countries when we divide the studied countries into two groups, i.e., higher- and lower-income countries. Conclusion: Our results are interesting and informative for the policy makers to design such policies to attain better environmental quality and social well-being. The increased healthcare expenditures due to increased air pollution and climate change necessitate for an efficient, reliable, affordable and modern energy policy by emphasizing the use of clean and renewable energy in these countries that ensure better health for the masses. Furthermore, a smart and sustainable environmentally friendly economic growth policy is necessary to ensure better health for the masses.

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Climate Change and Infectious Diseases; Evidence from Highly Vulnerable Countries

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Meteorological factors' effects on COVID-19 show seasonality and spatiality in Brazil

Meteorological factors' effects on COVID-19 show seasonality and spatiality in Brazil

The interactive effects of ambient air pollutants-meteorological factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities

Impact of Environmental Quality on Healthcare Expenditures in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Approach

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