Climate change and future populations at risk of malaria

Abstract

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Association between climate variability and malaria epidemics in the East African highlands

“…Several mechanisms have been hypothesized, including (i) increased travel from the malaria-endemic Lake Victoria basin to the highlands (20)(21)(22); (ii) degradation of the healthcare infrastructure (9-11); (iii) antimalarial drug resistance (22)(23)(24); (iv) local malaria transmission in the highlands as a consequence of land-use changes (9,11,25); and (v) global warming (8,26,27). Malakooti et al (10) analyzed the hospital clinical records and questionnaire survey results in a highland tea plantation estate in Kericho (Ϸ1,700 m above sea level), western Kenya, and concluded that the increased travel and healthcare infrastructure degradation should not be the key factors for the reemergence of highland malaria.…”

Epidemics in Ming and Qing China: Impacts of changes of climate and economic well-being

“…Several infectious agents are particularly sensitive to climatic conditions (McMichael et al, 2006). However, the socio-economic circumstances, such as economic well-being, can promote certain measures that inhibit the transmission of infectious disease (Martens et al, 1999). The spread of epidemics in human communities is co-determined by ecological and socio-economic aspects (Jones et al, 2008).…”

Climate change and mosquito-borne disease.

“…It has been suggested-on the basis of the simple models mentioned earlier-that the incidence of malaria in the tropics could increase by up to 60% as a result of global warming (12,13,113). It has even been claimed that the recent recrudescence of the disease may be caused partly by warming that has already occurred (13,28,114).…”