CLE peptide tri‐arabinosylation and peptide domain sequence composition are essential for SUNN‐dependent autoregulation of nodulation in <i>Medicago truncatula</i>

Imin, Nijat; Patel, Neha; Corcilius, Leo; Payne, Richard J.; Djordjevic, Michael A.

doi:10.1111/nph.15019

Cited by 49 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, CLE peptides that are involved in root‐to‐shoot communication for the regulation of nodulation in Medicago truncatula were identified most likely as the 12‐mer glycopeptide tri‐arabinosylated at Hyp7 (Imin et al . ). Also in this system, glycosylation was found to be important for activity and receptor binding (Okamoto et al .…”

Section: Hydroxyproline Arabinosylationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Stührwohldt

Schaller

2018

Plant Biol J

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The number, diversity and significance of peptides as regulators of cellular differentiation, growth, development and defence of plants has long been underestimated. Peptides have now emerged as an important class of signals for cell-to-cell communication over short distances, and also for long-range signalling. We refer to these signalling molecules as peptide growth factors and peptide hormones, respectively. As compared to remarkable progress with respect to the mechanisms of peptide perception and signal transduction, the biogenesis of signalling peptides is still in its infancy. This review focuses on the biogenesis and activity of small post-translationally modified peptides. These peptides are derived from inactive pre-pro-peptides of approximately 70-120 amino acids. Multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) may be required for peptide maturation and activation, including proteolytic processing, tyrosine sulfation, proline hydroxylation and hydroxyproline glycosylation. While many of the enzymes responsible for these modifications have been identified, their impact on peptide activity and signalling is not fully understood. These PTMs may or may not be required for bioactivity, they may inactivate the peptide or modify its signalling specificity, they may affect peptide stability or targeting, or its binding affinity with the receptor. In the present review, we will first introduce the peptides that undergo PTMs and for which these PTMs were shown to be functionally relevant. We will then discuss the different types of PTMs and the impact they have on peptide activity and plant growth and development. We conclude with an outlook on the open questions that need to be addressed in future research.

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Section: Hydroxyproline Arabinosylationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Stührwohldt

Schaller

2018

Plant Biol J

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“…LHK1 is defective in AON Split-root system experiments in L. japonicus first pointed to the involvement of a systemic mechanism in the regulation of M. loti infection (Suzuki et al, 2008), which was validated (Tsikou et al, 2018). Furthermore, in M. truncatula, a presumed AON signal descending from shoots was shown to be capable of completely inhibiting symbiotic responses, including eIT formation (Imin et al, 2018). As LHK1 partakes in the regulation of TML, we reasoned that the impairment of AON could be at least one of the factors contributing to the lhk1-1 hyperinfection.…”

Section: New Phytologistmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inside out: root cortex‐localized LHK1 cytokinin receptor limits epidermal infection of Lotus japonicus roots by Mesorhizobium loti

et al. 2019

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Summary During Lotus japonicus–Mesorhizobium loti symbiosis, the LOTUS HISTIDINE KINASE1 (LHK1) cytokinin receptor regulates both the initiation of nodule formation and the scope of root infection. However, the exact spatiotemporal mechanism by which this receptor exerts its symbiotic functions has remained elusive. In this study, we performed cell type‐specific complementation experiments in the hyperinfected lhk1‐1 mutant background, targeting LHK1 to either the root epidermis or the root cortex. We also utilized various genetic backgrounds to characterize expression of several genes regulating symbiotic infection. We show here that expression of LHK1 in the root cortex is required and sufficient to regulate both nodule formation and epidermal infections. The LHK1‐dependent signalling that restricts subsequent infection events is triggered before initial cell divisions for nodule primordium formation. We also demonstrate that AHK4, the Arabidopsis orthologue of LHK1, is able to regulate M. loti infection in L. japonicus, suggesting that an endogenous cytokinin receptor could be sufficient for engineering nitrogen‐fixing root nodule symbiosis in nonlegumes. Our data provide experimental evidence for the existence of an LHK1‐dependent root cortex‐to‐epidermis feedback mechanism regulating rhizobial infection. This root‐localized regulatory module functionally links with the systemic autoregulation of nodulation (AON) to maintain the homeostasis of symbiotic infection.

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“…Counterparts of these CLEs include the rhizobia-induced GmRIC1 and GmRIC2 in G. max (Lim et al, 2011;Reid et al, 2011;Ferguson et al, 2014). Some CLE peptides in Arabidopsis must be arabinosylated at Hyp residues in order to function (Ogawa-Ohnishi et al, 2013;Imin et al, 2018). The Mtrdn1/Ljplenty mutants, carrying a disrupted Hyp arabinosyl transferase enzyme, also hypernodulate, but unlike MtSUNN, MtRDN1 exerts its effect in roots (Yoshida et al, 2010;Schnabel et al, 2011;Yoro et al, 2019).…”

Section: Autoregulation Of Nodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Roy¹,

Liu²,

Nandety³

et al. 2019

Plant Cell

478

484

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Since 1999, various forward-and reverse-genetic approaches have uncovered nearly 200 genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legumes. These discoveries advanced our understanding of the evolution of SNF in plants and its relationship to other beneficial endosymbioses, signaling between plants and microbes, the control of microbial infection of plant cells, the control of plant cell division leading to nodule development, autoregulation of nodulation, intracellular accommodation of bacteria, nodule oxygen homeostasis, the control of bacteroid differentiation, metabolism and transport supporting symbiosis, and the control of nodule senescence. This review catalogs and contextualizes all of the plant genes currently known to be required for SNF in two model legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, and two crop species, Glycine max (soybean) and Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). We also briefly consider the future of SNF genetics in the era of pan-genomics and genome editing.

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CLE peptide tri‐arabinosylation and peptide domain sequence composition are essential for SUNN‐dependent autoregulation of nodulation in Medicago truncatula

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Inside out: root cortex‐localized LHK1 cytokinin receptor limits epidermal infection of Lotus japonicus roots by Mesorhizobium loti

Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

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