Classification of Non-Indigenous Species Based on Their Impacts: Considerations for Application in Marine Management

Ojaveer, Henn; Galil, Bella S.; Campbell, Marnie L.; Carlton, James T.; Canning‐Clode, João; Cook, Elizabeth; Davidson, Ann E.; Hewitt, Chad L.; Jelmert, Anders; Marchini, Agnese; McKenzie, Cynthia H.; Minchin, Dan; Occhipinti‐Ambrogi, Anna; Olenin, Sergej; Ruiz, Gregory M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002130

Cited by 158 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Further research is needed to better understand the impacts of invasive alien species on marine ecosystems and to adopt management strategies accordingly (Ojaveer et al, 2015). Relevant experimental studies are lacking for most invasive alien species (Katsanevakis et al, 2014), while scientific effort is unevenly distributed (as also found in our review, i.e., a bias toward the areas with the greatest concentration of research institutions in Europe and North America) with important gaps in many regions and taxonomic groups.…”

Section: Biological Invasions and Conservation Planning In The Marinementioning

confidence: 84%

“…As a consequence, the eradication of established invasive alien species, which is sometimes a sensible option in terrestrial systems, becomes difficult in freshwater systems and seems almost impossible in marine ones. While several successful eradication attempts in the terrestrial and the freshwater realms (especially in isolated or confined areas) have been made, marine attempts have mostly failed (Ojaveer et al, 2015), unless at a very initial stage of invasion, e.g., the eradication of Caulerpa taxifolia in California (Anderson, 2005) or of the black-striped mussel Mytilopsis sallei in Australia (Willan et al, 2000). Marine alien species are an unavoidable new component of the ecosystems and cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Biological Invasions and Conservation Planning In The Marinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Invasions in Conservation Planning: A Global Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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Biological invasions threaten biodiversity in terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, requiring substantial conservation and management efforts. To examine how the conservation planning literature addresses biological invasions and if planning in the marine environment could benefit from experiences in the freshwater and terrestrial systems, we conducted a global systematic review. Out of 1,149 scientific articles mentioning both "conservation planning" and "alien" or any of its alternative terms, 70 articles met our selection criteria. Most of the studies were related to the terrestrial environment, while only 10% focused on the marine environment. The main conservation targets were species (mostly vertebrates) rather than habitats or ecosystems. Apart from being mentioned, alien species were considered of concern for conservation in only 46% of the cases, while mitigation measures were proposed in only 13% of the cases. The vast majority of the studies (73%) ignored alien species in conservation planning even if their negative impacts were recognized. In 20% of the studies, highly invaded areas were avoided in the planning, while in 6% of the cases such areas were prioritized for conservation. In the latter case, two opposing approaches led to the selection of invaded areas: either alien and native biodiversity were treated equally in setting conservation targets, i.e., alien species were also considered as ecological Mačić et al. Biological Invasions in Conservation Planning features requiring protection, or more commonly invaded sites were prioritized for the implementation of management actions to control or eradicate invasive alien species. When the "avoid" approach was followed, in most of the cases highly impacted areas were either excluded or invasive alien species were included in the estimation of a cost function to be minimized. Most of the studies that followed a "protect" or "avoid" approach dealt with terrestrial or freshwater features but in most cases the followed approach could be transferred to the marine environment. Gaps and needs for further research are discussed and we propose an 11-step framework to account for biological invasions into the systematic conservation planning design.

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Section: Biological Invasions and Conservation Planning In The Marinementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Biological Invasions and Conservation Planning In The Marinementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Invasions in Conservation Planning: A Global Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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“…To this end, recent work has offered a system for classifying alien species based on the magnitude of their ecological impacts (Blackburn et al 2014, Hawkins et al 2015. However, this progressive framework remains reliant on the primary studies that document impact, but such studies are surprisingly seldom undertaken for marine alien species (Simberloff et al 2013, Ojaveer et al 2015a, Ojaveer et al 2015b. Further, many existing impact studies tend to be unevenly distributed among geographic regions, different taxa and study systems (Pysek and Richardson 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have focused on invasive species (Pysek et al 2008), leaving the impacts of many other species unquantified, especially in regions where they have not transitioned from alien to invasive status (sensu Blackburn et al 2011). Whilst these gaps in knowledge are understandable as they reflect an uneven distribution of specialist researchers, research funds and research impetus, they hinder appropriate and effective management of invasions (Ojaveer et al 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind the gap – context dependency in invasive species impacts: a case study of the ascidian Ciona robusta

Robinson¹,

Havenga²,

Merwe³

et al. 2017

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In the face of increasing invasions and limited resources, appropriate management of invasive species requires prioritisation of species for management action. This process often relies on knowledge of species specific impacts. However, as studies explicitly measuring impact of marine alien species are rare, prioritisation of management actions is often based on studies from outside the geographic area of interest. Further, few impact studies account for context dependency (e.g. seasonal variability or distinct environmental regimes), raising the question of how transferrable knowledge about the impact of a species is between invaded ranges. This study addressed this question by using the widespread invasive solitary ascidian Ciona robusta as a case study for assessing impacts across two invaded regions: South Africa and California, USA. We replicated a previously conducted experiment from California that showed that C. robusta depresses local species richness in San Francisco Bay. Our South African experiment showed no effect of C. robusta on species richness, the Shannon-Weiner diversity index or community composition, despite experiments being carried out over two years and at two depths. While these results may reflect strong density dependency in the impact of C. robusta, they serve to highlight context dependency in invasive species impacts. This suggests that until studies of impact in marine systems become common place, context dependency should be explicitly addressed as a source of uncertainty during the prioritisation of species for management action.

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“…This literature search was performed using the following key words: aquatic, pest, management, removal, eradication, species. Citations in topical review papers and books were also examined (Meronek et al 1996, Veitch & Clout 2002, Halfyard 2010, Kolar et al 2010, Britton et al 2011, Loppnow et al 2013, Ojaveer et al 2015. I also performed a secondary literature search to look for evidence of density-dependent recruitment for each species that was a target of removal in the case studies.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Aquatic Non-Native Species to Novel Predator Cues and Increased Mortality

Turner¹

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Lethal biotic interactions strongly influence the potential for aquatic non-native species to establish and endure in habitats to which they are introduced. Predators in the recipient area, including native and previously established non-native predators, can prevent establishment, limit habitat use, and reduce abundance of non-native species.Management efforts by humans using methods designed to cause mass mortality (e.g., trapping, biocide applications) can reduce or eradicate non-native populations. However, the impacts of predator and human induced mortality may be mitigated by the behavior or population-level responses of a given non-native species.My dissertation examined the responses of non-native aquatic species to the risk of predation by novel (i.e., no previous exposure) predators in the recipient community Increases in recruitment rates can occur as a result of efforts to remove non-native species. This increase in recruitment can result in overcompensation, but more commonly results in compensation, where recruitment rates increase relative to pre-removal recruitment but does not result in in the population's abundance exceeding pre-removal iv levels. However, a detailed and accurate prediction of the response of a population to harvest is time consuming and data intensive. This is not feasible for most efforts to eradicate non-native species, which have the greatest chance of success when enacted rapidly after detection. For my final chapter, I performed a literature review and accompanying statistical analysis to determine if typically available information related to the removal effort (site size, site connectivity, and removal technique) could be used to determine increased risk of compensation for a given effort to remove aquatic invasive species. Compensation was closely linked to unsuccessful removal efforts and was observed only among efforts utilizing physical removal methods. However, the frequency with which compensation occurred varied with the exact technique employed, occurring most frequently in removal utilizing electrofishing. Additionally, evidence of compensation was more frequent among larger removal areas with variable connectivity.While other predictors (temperature, effort, etc) might add to the predicative power, the findings of the review provide criteria for managers to determine the relative risk of compensation prior to the start of removal.Further understanding of how invasive species respond to lethal biotic interactions, including anthropogenically mediated control measures, can aid in assessing the risk of invasion for a given species and inform managers of the risk of complications resulting from removal efforts. While inducible defenses may contribute to the long-term success of an introduced species in their recipient range, my findings did not support the idea that inducible defenses triggered by predator cues contributed to their initial introduction in this case. However, research on other non-native species and offspring of

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Classification of Non-Indigenous Species Based on Their Impacts: Considerations for Application in Marine Management

Cited by 158 publications

References 61 publications

Biological Invasions in Conservation Planning: A Global Systematic Review

Biological Invasions in Conservation Planning: A Global Systematic Review

Mind the gap – context dependency in invasive species impacts: a case study of the ascidian Ciona robusta

Responses of Aquatic Non-Native Species to Novel Predator Cues and Increased Mortality

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