Classification for Limbal Dermoid Choristomas and Branchial Arch Anomalies

New Grading System for Limbal Dermoid: A Retrospective Analysis of 261 Cases Over a 10-Year Period

“…Numerous theories have been proposed to account for the development of limbal dermoids. Bloch and Sulzberger in 1926 and 1928 1 first noted that a viral infection of the mother during pregnancy had teratogenic effects on the branchial arch derivatives. In our study, 69.9% of the 79 interviewed mothers who admitted experiencing an abnormal condition during pregnancy had a history of rubella, herpetic stomatitis, influenza, or diarrhea, which could be considered a possible viral infection.…”

“…Clinically, limbal dermoids are easy to detect and diagnose; however, a grading system to capture all sizes and shapes of limbal dermoids may help with the description of the clinical features of limbal dermoids. Although an embryological classification of dermoids and clinical classification of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum disorders have been proposed, 1 , 6 no clinical grading scales have been targeted at clinical features of limbal dermoids and applied in clinical use to guide therapy and forecast the prognosis. In this study, we created a new limbal visual scoring system, which divided limbal dermoids into 3 different grades by 3 indices including the area of corneal involvement, the surface shape, and the area of conjunctival involvement, using points from 0 to 3.…”

“…Limbal dermoids are congenital benign tumors that influence vision and cause visual abnormalities due to the development of astigmatism, encroachment on the visual axis, and fatty component infiltration into the cornea. 1 , 2 They consist of overgrowths of epidermal appendages, connective tissues, skin, fat, sweat glands, lacrimal glands, and neurologic tissues located partly over the cornea and partly over the sclera. 1 , 3 – 5 …”

“…Associated ocular abnormalities include colobomata of the eyelids, lacrimal anomalies, and scleral and corneal staphylomata. In 1972, Benjamin and Allen 1 proposed an embryological classification of dermoids into derivatives of the branchial region of the embryo and derivatives of embryonal tissue that give rise to the various parts of the fully formed eye. However, this proposal is speculative and has not been consistently recognized.…”

New Grading System for Limbal Dermoid: A Retrospective Analysis of 261 Cases Over a 10-Year Period

“…Numerous theories have been proposed to account for the development of limbal dermoids. Bloch and Sulzberger in 1926 and 1928 1 first noted that a viral infection of the mother during pregnancy had teratogenic effects on the branchial arch derivatives. In our study, 69.9% of the 79 interviewed mothers who admitted experiencing an abnormal condition during pregnancy had a history of rubella, herpetic stomatitis, influenza, or diarrhea, which could be considered a possible viral infection.…”

“…Clinically, limbal dermoids are easy to detect and diagnose; however, a grading system to capture all sizes and shapes of limbal dermoids may help with the description of the clinical features of limbal dermoids. Although an embryological classification of dermoids and clinical classification of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum disorders have been proposed, 1 , 6 no clinical grading scales have been targeted at clinical features of limbal dermoids and applied in clinical use to guide therapy and forecast the prognosis. In this study, we created a new limbal visual scoring system, which divided limbal dermoids into 3 different grades by 3 indices including the area of corneal involvement, the surface shape, and the area of conjunctival involvement, using points from 0 to 3.…”

“…Limbal dermoids are congenital benign tumors that influence vision and cause visual abnormalities due to the development of astigmatism, encroachment on the visual axis, and fatty component infiltration into the cornea. 1 , 2 They consist of overgrowths of epidermal appendages, connective tissues, skin, fat, sweat glands, lacrimal glands, and neurologic tissues located partly over the cornea and partly over the sclera. 1 , 3 – 5 …”

“…Associated ocular abnormalities include colobomata of the eyelids, lacrimal anomalies, and scleral and corneal staphylomata. In 1972, Benjamin and Allen 1 proposed an embryological classification of dermoids into derivatives of the branchial region of the embryo and derivatives of embryonal tissue that give rise to the various parts of the fully formed eye. However, this proposal is speculative and has not been consistently recognized.…”

Congenital corneal keloid

“…Our patient had thickened stroma with totally disorganized collagen fibrils and diffuse vascularization, with none of the collagen organization typical of sclera being present (Kanai et al 1971;Friedman et al 1975;Howard & Abrahams 1971;Rodrigues et al 1974;Duke-Elder 1964). Corneal dermoid is a choristoma of displaced epithelial and dermis-like elements interspersed 192 with hair follicles and sweat and sebaceous glands (Benjamin & Allen 1972). If a large amount of fatty tissue is present, the mass is termed a dermolipoma.…”

New Grading System for Limbal Dermoid: A Retrospective Analysis of 261 Cases Over a 10-Year Period

“…Numerous theories have been proposed to account for the development of limbal dermoids. Bloch and Sulzberger in 1926 and 1928 1 first noted that a viral infection of the mother during pregnancy had teratogenic effects on the branchial arch derivatives. In our study, 69.9% of the 79 interviewed mothers who admitted experiencing an abnormal condition during pregnancy had a history of rubella, herpetic stomatitis, influenza, or diarrhea, which could be considered a possible viral infection.…”

“…Clinically, limbal dermoids are easy to detect and diagnose; however, a grading system to capture all sizes and shapes of limbal dermoids may help with the description of the clinical features of limbal dermoids. Although an embryological classification of dermoids and clinical classification of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum disorders have been proposed, 1 , 6 no clinical grading scales have been targeted at clinical features of limbal dermoids and applied in clinical use to guide therapy and forecast the prognosis. In this study, we created a new limbal visual scoring system, which divided limbal dermoids into 3 different grades by 3 indices including the area of corneal involvement, the surface shape, and the area of conjunctival involvement, using points from 0 to 3.…”

“…Limbal dermoids are congenital benign tumors that influence vision and cause visual abnormalities due to the development of astigmatism, encroachment on the visual axis, and fatty component infiltration into the cornea. 1 , 2 They consist of overgrowths of epidermal appendages, connective tissues, skin, fat, sweat glands, lacrimal glands, and neurologic tissues located partly over the cornea and partly over the sclera. 1 , 3 – 5 …”

“…Associated ocular abnormalities include colobomata of the eyelids, lacrimal anomalies, and scleral and corneal staphylomata. In 1972, Benjamin and Allen 1 proposed an embryological classification of dermoids into derivatives of the branchial region of the embryo and derivatives of embryonal tissue that give rise to the various parts of the fully formed eye. However, this proposal is speculative and has not been consistently recognized.…”

Congenital corneal keloid

“…Our patient had thickened stroma with totally disorganized collagen fibrils and diffuse vascularization, with none of the collagen organization typical of sclera being present (Kanai et al 1971;Friedman et al 1975;Howard & Abrahams 1971;Rodrigues et al 1974;Duke-Elder 1964). Corneal dermoid is a choristoma of displaced epithelial and dermis-like elements interspersed 192 with hair follicles and sweat and sebaceous glands (Benjamin & Allen 1972). If a large amount of fatty tissue is present, the mass is termed a dermolipoma.…”

New Grading System for Limbal Dermoid: A Retrospective Analysis of 261 Cases Over a 10-Year Period

“…Numerous theories have been proposed to account for the development of limbal dermoids. Bloch and Sulzberger in 1926 and 1928 1 first noted that a viral infection of the mother during pregnancy had teratogenic effects on the branchial arch derivatives. In our study, 69.9% of the 79 interviewed mothers who admitted experiencing an abnormal condition during pregnancy had a history of rubella, herpetic stomatitis, influenza, or diarrhea, which could be considered a possible viral infection.…”

“…Clinically, limbal dermoids are easy to detect and diagnose; however, a grading system to capture all sizes and shapes of limbal dermoids may help with the description of the clinical features of limbal dermoids. Although an embryological classification of dermoids and clinical classification of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum disorders have been proposed, 1 , 6 no clinical grading scales have been targeted at clinical features of limbal dermoids and applied in clinical use to guide therapy and forecast the prognosis. In this study, we created a new limbal visual scoring system, which divided limbal dermoids into 3 different grades by 3 indices including the area of corneal involvement, the surface shape, and the area of conjunctival involvement, using points from 0 to 3.…”

“…Limbal dermoids are congenital benign tumors that influence vision and cause visual abnormalities due to the development of astigmatism, encroachment on the visual axis, and fatty component infiltration into the cornea. 1 , 2 They consist of overgrowths of epidermal appendages, connective tissues, skin, fat, sweat glands, lacrimal glands, and neurologic tissues located partly over the cornea and partly over the sclera. 1 , 3 – 5 …”

“…Associated ocular abnormalities include colobomata of the eyelids, lacrimal anomalies, and scleral and corneal staphylomata. In 1972, Benjamin and Allen 1 proposed an embryological classification of dermoids into derivatives of the branchial region of the embryo and derivatives of embryonal tissue that give rise to the various parts of the fully formed eye. However, this proposal is speculative and has not been consistently recognized.…”

Congenital corneal keloid

“…Our patient had thickened stroma with totally disorganized collagen fibrils and diffuse vascularization, with none of the collagen organization typical of sclera being present (Kanai et al 1971;Friedman et al 1975;Howard & Abrahams 1971;Rodrigues et al 1974;Duke-Elder 1964). Corneal dermoid is a choristoma of displaced epithelial and dermis-like elements interspersed 192 with hair follicles and sweat and sebaceous glands (Benjamin & Allen 1972). If a large amount of fatty tissue is present, the mass is termed a dermolipoma.…”