Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the old world, including revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)

Heraty, John M.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.53489

Cited by 44 publications

(165 citation statements)

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“…The pupa contains three swollen nodules along the petiolar region, and one prominent lateral nodule near the mesothoracic spiracles. These characteristics are consistent with other pupae of Oraseminae (Heraty 1994b;2000;Heraty et al 1993).…”

Section: Ant Associationssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Egg. The undeveloped eggs of O. simulatrix, as found in plant tissue, are white, elliptical in shape, and stalked, as described for nearly all eucharitids (Heraty 1994b;2000). Planidia (Fig.…”

Section: Ant Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of nectary size and the maximum distance of punctures from the associated nectary were made using an ocular micrometer (0.01 mm divisions). Females of Orasema deposit single eggs into a linear series of punctures formed in the plant tissue by the ovipositor (Heraty 1994b;2000). The number of punctures (eggs), puncture series and punctures per series surrounding each nectary were recorded.…”

Section: Oviposition Habits Of Orasemamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 1a) (Clausen 1940b;Heraty 1994b;Johnson et al 1986). When deposited into flowering structures, the emerging planidia are often associated with thrips larvae (Thysanoptera), possibly as accidental associations, food sources, or intermediate hosts for gaining access to the ant colony (Ananthakrishnan 1984;Beshear 1974;Heraty 1994a;2000;Heraty et al 1993;Johnson et al 1986;Wilson and Cooley 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nectary use for gaining access to an ant host by the parasitoid Orasema simulatrix (Hymenoptera, Eucharitidae)

Carey¹,

Visscher²,

Heraty³

2012

JHR

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Eucharitidae is the only family of insects known to specialize as parasitoids of ant brood. Eggs are laid away from the host onto or in plant tissue, and the minute first-instars (planidia) are responsible for gaining access to the host through some form of phoretic attachment to the host ant or possibly through an intermediate host such as thrips. Orasema simulatrix (Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) are shown to deposit their eggs into incisions made on leaves of Chilopsis linearis (Bignoniaceae) in association with extrafloral nectaries (EFN). Nectary condition varies from fluid-filled on the newest leaves, to wet or dry nectaries on older leaves. Filled nectaries were about one third as common as dry nectaries, but were three times as likely to have recent oviposition. Larger numbers of undeveloped eggs, or eggs with mature planidia inside, were associated with filled and wet EFN. For emerged planidia, the distribution was shifted from a concentration at filled nectaries to an even greater concentration at wet nectaries. More planidia were found in EFN (9.50 ±2.85) than outside EFN (1.00 ± 0.60). Planidia were tested for their attachment to adult and larval ants and to adult and immature thrips (potential intermediate host), but the results do not support simple attachment as a viable means for transfer and successful parasitism. Pheidole desertorum was identified as the host ant, and at night is the dominant ant in the tree canopy of C. linearis. Feeding at the EFN by the host ant, and the direct association with planidia near to or in the EFN, is interpreted as a novel means of accessing the host brood.

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Section: Ant Associationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Ant Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oviposition Habits Of Orasemamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nectary use for gaining access to an ant host by the parasitoid Orasema simulatrix (Hymenoptera, Eucharitidae)

Carey¹,

Visscher²,

Heraty³

2012

JHR

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“…Related patterns include those of the Makota generic complex (Hemiptera) (Soulier-Perkins 2000) (Fig. 125), the Orisema uchancoi species group (Philippines -PNG) (Hymenoptera) (Heraty 1995), and a Mindanao-Fergusson I.…”

Section: Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology

Heads¹

2003

Telopea

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Heads, Michael (Science Faculty, University of Goroka, PO Box 1078, Goroka, Papua New Guinea. Current address: Biology Department, University of the South Pacific, P.O. Box 1168 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10(1): 311-449. The Ericaceae are cosmopolitan but the main clades have well-marked centres of diversity and endemism in different parts of the world. Erica and its relatives, the heaths, are mainly in South Africa, while their sister group, Rhododendron and relatives, has centres of diversity in N Burma/SW China and New Guinea, giving an Indian Ocean affinity. The Vaccinioideae are largely Pacific-based, and epacrids are mainly in Australasia. The different centres, and trans-Indian, trans-Pacific and trans-Atlantic Ocean disjunctions all indicate origin by vicariance. The different main massings are reflected in the different distributions of the subfamilies within Malesia. With respect to plant architecture, in Rhododendron inflorescence bracts and leaves are very different. Erica and relatives with the 'ericoid' habit have similar leaves and bracts, and the individual plants may be homologous with inflorescences of Rhododendron. Furthermore, in the ericoids the 'inflorescence-plant' has also been largely sterilised, leaving shoots with mainly just bracts, and flowers restricted to distal parts of the shoot. The epacrids are also 'inflorescence-plants' with foliage comprised of 'bracts', but their sister group, the Vaccinioideae, have dimorphic foliage (leaves and bracts). In Malesian Ericaceae, the four large genera and the family as a whole have most species in the 1500-2000 m altitudinal belt, lower than is often thought and within the range of sweet potato cultivation. The same belt is also most diverse for ferns, birds-of-paradise and bowerbirds. Distribution maps of Malesian Ericaceae are presented, with related species indicated. Concentric patterns of distribution are frequent and could be attributable to evolution around shrinking seas. In New Guinea the main axial range is a composite structure, with the southern part formed by the old Australian craton and the northern and eastern parts formed from 32 tectonostratigraphic terranes or microplates. These formed independently and then docked with each other and the craton. The tectonic boundary between the craton and the accreted terranes is also an important biogeographic boundary. Many taxa have distributions linking different accreted terranes but are not on the craton. Movement and integration of island arcs and more substantial terranes has led to complex patterns of disjunction throughout Malesia, but there is an underlying parallel-arc structure, seen clearly in New Guinea. The tectonic provinces in Borneo are also reflected in the two main biogeographic tracks: Kuching--Kinabalu and Kutei Mts./Mt. Kemul-Kinabalu, the Lupar River boundary and the Meratus Mts. centre. The islands of the Riouw Pocket (Corner 1978a) are notably surrounded by many groups which are absent th...

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Impact of natural parasitism by two eucharitid wasps on a potential biocontrol agent ant in southeastern Mexico

Lachaud¹,

Pérez‐Lachaud²

2009

Biological Control

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Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the old world, including revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Nectary use for gaining access to an ant host by the parasitoid Orasema simulatrix (Hymenoptera, Eucharitidae)

Nectary use for gaining access to an ant host by the parasitoid Orasema simulatrix (Hymenoptera, Eucharitidae)

Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology

Impact of natural parasitism by two eucharitid wasps on a potential biocontrol agent ant in southeastern Mexico

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