2014
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00537
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Abstract: Background: Rupture of advanced atherosclerotic plaques accounts for most life-threatening myocardial infarctions. Classical (M1) and alternative (M2) macrophage activation could promote atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture by increasing production of proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Lymphocyte-derived cytokines may be essential for generating M1 and M2 phenotypes in plaques, although this has not been rigorously tested until now.Methods and results: We validated the expression … Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP10 have been found to be highly expressed in M1-M, whereas MMP12 has been found to be strongly expressed in M2-M (35). It has also been shown that classical activation of mouse M increased the expression of MMP13, MMP14, and MMP25 but decreased MMP19 and TIMP2, whereas alternative activation with IL-4 increased MMP19 expression (36). Taken together, findings from previous and present studies indicate that various MMPs play important and divergent roles in macrophage polarization.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 71%
“…Furthermore, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP10 have been found to be highly expressed in M1-M, whereas MMP12 has been found to be strongly expressed in M2-M (35). It has also been shown that classical activation of mouse M increased the expression of MMP13, MMP14, and MMP25 but decreased MMP19 and TIMP2, whereas alternative activation with IL-4 increased MMP19 expression (36). Taken together, findings from previous and present studies indicate that various MMPs play important and divergent roles in macrophage polarization.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 71%
“…There is a huge difference in relative expression levels of different MMP mRNAs between human [20] and mouse [21] monocyte-derived macrophages isolated and differentiated under very similar conditions (Fig. 1).…”
Section: Lack Of Adequate Preclinical Models -A Mouse Is Not a Manmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…Similarly, MMP-12 may be the most important elastase in mouse macrophages but MMP-7 in humans [22]. Indeed, MMP-12 is much more abundant in mouse than human macrophages whereas the opposite is true for MMP-7 ( [21]. Furthermore, IL-4 treatment (M2) increases MMP-11, MMP-12 and TIMP-3 expression in human macrophages [20] but only MMP-19 expression in mouse macrophages [21].…”
Section: Lack Of Adequate Preclinical Models -A Mouse Is Not a Manmentioning
confidence: 90%
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“…112 On the other hand, M2 cells expressed high levels of the mannose receptor which was up-regulated by regulatory cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13. 34,38,58 The ability of the NIR imaging probes to detect M1/M2 cells were then investigated both in vitro and in vivo. As expected, with in vitro competition binding tests, these two probes showed good cellular specificity to M1 or M2 cells.…”
Section: Imaging Mf Polarizationmentioning
confidence: 99%