Citizens and Denizens: Ethnicity, Homelands, and the Crisis of Displacement in Northeast India

Baruah, Sanjib

doi:10.1093/jrs/16.1.44

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…While the Northeast has been the site of separatist claims and slow integration into the Indian union, Ladakh has been the site of an identity-based struggle for separation from the state of Jammu and Kashmir (Aggarwal, 2004;Aggarwal and Bhan, 2009;Van Beek, 2000). In both cases state-based and local political struggles have begun from the idea of 'ethnically exclusive homelands', which has shaped political activism and subjectivities (Baruah, 2003;Van Beek, 2000). As borderlands of India, these regions have been seen as central to nation-building (Aggarwal and Bhan, 2009;Cons and Sanyal, 2013) or as not quite of the nation (Gellner, 2013) and have also been fraught with internal conflict (Baruah, 2005;Bhaumik, 2009).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diaspora Within: Himalayan Youth, Education-Driven Migration, and Future Aspirations in India

Smith

Gergan

2015

Environ Plan D

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Economic change has driven parents across the Indian Himalayan Region to send their children to major Indian cities for higher education. Himalayan students' urban experience and understanding of the nation is profoundly shaped by the movement between the Himalayan context and the foreign experience of Indian city life. We draw on interviews with students to discuss their experiences in the sometimes liberating and sometimes hostile cities of India. In their perceived cultural and racialized difference, we argue, Himalayan students form a diaspora within their own nation, and we suggest that attention to their micropractices of belonging and movement between home and city is critical to understanding India as a nation-state. Here, we suggest that education-driven migration to urban centers results in challenging spaces of encounter, and that minority students cope with these encounters both by forging diasporic ties with those from their homeland and other marginalized Himalayan students, and by building a cosmopolitan sensibility that reaches beyond India's borders. Our research is based primarily on a set of twenty interviews conducted in 2011 in Delhi, Sikkim, and Leh, Ladakh, but is informed by our ongoing work on the topic, and on our previous and continuing research on family politics in Ladakh and in Sikkim on youth politics and development.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diaspora Within: Himalayan Youth, Education-Driven Migration, and Future Aspirations in India

Smith

Gergan

2015

Environ Plan D

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“…It is often argued that the lack of development is directly related to the rise in 'tribal unrest' and ethnic conflicts in India (Planning Commission of India, 1997;World Bank, 2007). The academic literature on development in Tripura is specifically limited to its analysis on the relationship between conflicts, 'tribal insurgencies' and underdevelopment, and very few studies have examined other dimensions of development which include gender and migration issues, power relations within and between tribal groups and class formation in the North-east (Agarwal, 1994;Baruah, 1999;Nongbri, 2003).…”

Section: State-initiated Development In Tripura and The North-eastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant Narratives in State-led Development

Sengupta

2015

Journal of South Asian Development

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Many state-led development policies in India are formulated for tribal communities who are deemed 'backward'. The institutionalization of such ethnic categorizations through development policies reflects a tendency to homogenize communities (especially numerically small ones) who are either regarded as 'backward' resisters of development or as primitive victims of modernity. The experience of migrants is one way in which the impacts of development can be explored and this propensity to homogenize may be challenged. This article uses migrant narratives to understand how development is experienced by the Reang tribal community in Tripura (north-east India). The article presents two main arguments. First, migration ruptures conventional understanding of 'community' among the Reangs and is crucial in challenging the dominant notion of tribal communities as homogenous groups. The article argues that examining migration among Reangs reveals the growing internal divisions within this tribal community where state-led development is often experienced in ambivalent ways. Second, despite adopting development policies, tribal minorities continue to be perceived as 'backward' and 'primitive' by the dominant ethnic group, thus illustrating how stereotyped homogenous ethnic categorizations are created and reproduced in post-colonial India.

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“…These struggles were a response to forced integration into the Indian Union, uneven local political and economic autonomy and the neglect of basic needs. In response, the Indian government has created new states and territorial units normalizing the notion of 'ethnically exclusive homelands' (Baruah 2003). Furthermore, the inability of successive Indian governments and local governments to control migration into the region has furthered grievances and violence.…”

Section: Figure 51 Indian States and Territoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Political Economy of the Household in Asia

Elias

Gunawardana

2013

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Citizens and Denizens: Ethnicity, Homelands, and the Crisis of Displacement in Northeast India

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

The Diaspora Within: Himalayan Youth, Education-Driven Migration, and Future Aspirations in India

The Diaspora Within: Himalayan Youth, Education-Driven Migration, and Future Aspirations in India

Migrant Narratives in State-led Development

The Global Political Economy of the Household in Asia

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