CISRP: connectivity‐aware intersection‐based shortest path routing protocol for VANETs in urban environments

Venkatramana, Dharani Kumari Nooji; Srikantaiah, Shylaja Banagiri; Moodabidri, Jayalakshmi

doi:10.1049/iet-net.2017.0012

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The protocol also suffers from a maximum number of hops issues as there will be an area where a large number of nodes exist so the number of hops required to forward the data packet will increase which will result in an increase of packet delay. In [26], CISRP is presented which uses distance, traffic density, and vehicle speed to forward the data packet. This protocol calculates the average distance between nodes and a closer distance node is selected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beaconless Traffic-Aware Geographical Routing Protocol for Intelligent Transportation System

et al. 2020

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Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in sustainable smart cities are taking advantage of moving vehicle nodes for data communication. VANETs support many applications related to safety, infotainment, and accident detection. The routing protocols are using for data communication in the presence of high mobility nodes and dynamic topologies. Due to high mobility and unpredictable topologies, the data communication becomes unreliable which causes data loss, delay, and link disconnections among vehicle nodes. To address these routing limitations, various types of routing protocols have developed. In all existing routing protocols types, geographic routing protocols are one of the efficient types due to its low overhead processes. Geographical routing protocols are able to handle vehicular environment constraints. However, with many advantages, geographic routing protocols are not considering many constraints of the vehicular environment. Geographical routing protocols should have well-defined routing metrics to deal with high mobility and other data loss and link disconnection issues. This research designs a Beaconless Traffic-Aware Geographical Routing Protocol (BTA-GRP) by considering traffic density, distance and direction for next forwarder node and route selection. The protocol is feasible for urban dense and sparse traffic conditions and addresses delay, disconnection and packet dropping issues. The proposed protocol has simulated with state of the art routing protocols. The simulation results indicated that the proposed protocol has higher performance in VANETs.

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“…Venkatramana et al [147] had proposed a connectivity aware intersection based shortest path routing protocol (CISRP) for urban setup. The results had shown that the average hop count, delivery ratio, latency and routing overhead is less in CISRP when compared with other protocols (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), E-GyTAR, TFOR, segment vehicle, Link quality and degree of connectivity based Geographic Distance Routing (SLD-GEDIR)).…”

Section: Network Qosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessible review of internet of vehicle models for intelligent transportation and research gaps for potential future directions

Garg

Mehrotra

Pandey

et al. 2021

Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl.

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This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of various models of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) that were proposed to revolutionize the transportation and automation industry. In the last few years, IoV technology has emerged as a global revolution, demonstrating considerable impact upon the transportation and automation industry, hence, the interest of the researchers bends towards the utility of the IoV technology which motivated us to present a comprehensive review. This paper, thus, collates recent findings along with some anticipated applications of IoV technologies for transportation. It brings to light the evolution of the IoV studies referred as models for transportation since its birth and aims to present a deep insightful review of various IoV technologies with their strengths and weaknesses. The reviewed literature is organized systematically to give a categorical overview of recent developments. This article also discusses the outstanding potentialities and challenges that exist in transportation from IoV perspective with the belief that these will have the capacity to be addressed in the near future. As there is no review literature on IoV technology available for transportation. Hence, we strongly believe that this study will be useful and enable the researchers to utilize IoV technologies to solve complex outstanding problems in transportation and automation. Keywords Internet of vehicles . V2X . network . Energy efficiency . Big data . QoS 1 IoV is abbreviated as Internet of Vehicles which has also been referred to by various names like ICV (Internet Connected Vehicles) or CV (Connected Vehicles) or AUV (Autonomous Vehicles) by other academicians. 2 V2X represents V2V, V2I, V2H, V2R and V2C which is also referred to as V2α by other academicians.

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“…Different studies based on infrastructure-assisted routing protocols prove their superiority upon other available protocols while considering the overall performance [8]. In [15], Dharani et al have presented an intersection-based connectivity-aware protocol for an urban environment. Shortest path algorithm is used to forward the data packets between the vehicles while exploring the RSUs and geographical A position-based routing protocol is proposed in [2].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road-Aware Estimation Model for Path Duration in Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

Abbas

Afaq

Song

2019

Wireless Pers Commun

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In Internet of Vehicles (IoV), numerous routing metrics have been used to assess the performance of routing protocols such as, packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay and path duration. Path duration is an influential design parameter, among these routing metrics, that determines the performance of vehicular networks. For instance, in highly dynamic scenarios, it can be used to predict link life time in on-demand routing protocols. In this paper, we propose an infrastructure-assisted hybrid road-aware routing protocol which is capable of enhanced vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. A remarkable aspect of the proposed protocol is that it establishes a link between path duration and fundamental design parameters like vehicular velocity, density, hop count and transmission range. Although, a lot of research has been previously performed, a well defined analytical model for IoV is not available in the literature. Precisely, a relation between path duration and vehicular velocity has not been validated in the previous studies. Experimental results show that the increased packet delivery ratio with reduced end-to-end delay can be achieved by the prediction of path duration. Proposed model for path duration is validated by getting experimental results from network simulator 3 (NS3) and analytical results from MATLAB. In addition, SUMO simulator was used to generate real time traffic on the roads of Gangnam district, South Korea.

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“…In order to validate our proposed protocol, we have compared it with TCAR [25] and CISRP [24] for a city and a highway scenario with three different vehicle densities:…”

Section: Simulation Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

THERA: Two-level Hierarchical Hybrid Road-Aware Routing for Vehicular Networks

Abbas¹,

Song²

2019

KSII TIIS

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There are various research challenges in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) that need to be focused until an extensive deployment of it becomes conceivable. Design and development of a scalable routing algorithm for VANETs is one of the critical issue due to frequent path disruptions caused by the vehicle's mobility. This study aims to provide a novel road-aware routing protocol for vehicular networks named as Two-level hierarchical Hybrid Road-Aware (THERA) routing for vehicular ad hoc networks. The proposed protocol is designed explicitly for inter-vehicle communication. In THERA, roads are distributed into non-overlapping road segments to reduce the routing overhead. Unlike other protocols, discovery process does not flood the network with packet broadcasts. Instead, THERA uses the concept of Gateway Vehicles (GV) for the discovery process. In addition, a route between source and destination is flexible to changing topology, as THERA only requires road segment ID and destination ID for the communication. Furthermore, Road-Aware routing reduces the traffic congestion, bypasses the single point of failure, and facilitates the network management. Finally yet importantly, this paper also proposes a probabilistical model to estimate a path duration for each road segment using the highway mobility model. The flexibility of the proposed protocol is evaluated by performing extensive simulations in NS3. We have used SUMO simulator to generate real time vehicular traffic on the roads of Gangnam, South Korea. Comparative analysis of the results confirm that routing overhead for maintaining the network topology is smaller than few previously proposed routing algorithms.

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“…The research of connectivity deters to another track by introducing VANETs. An exponential increase is observed in the field of network connectivity analysis and that's the reason of attraction for various researchers [11] [12] [29] [30] [31] [36]. On the highway, if two vehicles belong to the transmission range of each other, they are said to be connected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ST Reliability and Connectivity of VANETs for Different Mobility Environments

Saajid¹,

Wu²,

Memon³

et al. 2019

KSII TIIS

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Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the name of technology, which uses 'mobile internet' to facilitate communication between vehicles. The aim is to ensure road safety and achieve secure communication. Therefore, the reliability of this type of networks is a serious concern. The reliability of VANET is dependent upon proper communication between vehicles within a given amount of time. Therefore a new formula is introduced, the terms of the new formula correspond 1 by 1 to a class special ST route (SRORT). The new formula terms are much lesser than the Inclusion-Exclusion principle. An algorithm for the Source-to-Terminal reliability was presented, the algorithm produced Source-to-Terminal reliability or computed a Source-to-Terminal reliability expression by calculating a class of special networks of the given network. Since the architecture of this class of networks which need to be computed was comparatively trivial, the performance of the new algorithm was superior to the Inclusion-Exclusion principle. Also, we introduce a mobility metric called universal speed factor (USF) which is the extension of the existing speed factor, that suppose same speed of all vehicles at every time. The USF describes an exact relation between the relative speed of consecutive vehicles and the headway distance. The connectivity of vehicles in different mobile situations is analyzed using USF i.e., slow mobility connectivity, static connectivity, and high mobility connectivity. It is observed that probability of connectivity is directly proportional to the mean speed µ till specified threshold µ , and decreases after µ. Finally, the congested network is connected strongly as compared to the sparse network as shown in the simulation results.

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CISRP: connectivity‐aware intersection‐based shortest path routing protocol for VANETs in urban environments

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Beaconless Traffic-Aware Geographical Routing Protocol for Intelligent Transportation System

Accessible review of internet of vehicle models for intelligent transportation and research gaps for potential future directions

Road-Aware Estimation Model for Path Duration in Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

THERA: Two-level Hierarchical Hybrid Road-Aware Routing for Vehicular Networks

ST Reliability and Connectivity of VANETs for Different Mobility Environments

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