Cirrus Cloud Seeding has Potential to Cool climate

Storelvmo, Trude; Kristjansson, J. E.; Muri, Helene; Pfeffer, Melissa A.; Barahona, D.; Nenes, Athanasios

doi:10.1002/grl.50122

Cited by 24 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The large contribution from the clear-sky longwave fluxes in this case is consistent with what is found in WP10. The amplification in the longwave fluxes from the water vapor increase due to cirrus cloud seeding has also been noted in Storelvmo et al [2013]. (Table 3).…”

Section: The Effects Of Heterogeneous In In the Pd Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Global climate models have been used to study how heterogeneous IN and/or anthropogenic aerosols affect cirrus and climate [Hendricks et al, 2005;Lohmann et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009;Penner et al, 2009;Wang and Penner, 2010;Hendricks et al, 2011;Gettelman et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012a;Kuebbeler et al, 2014] and to further explore how cirrus seeding may cool climate [Mitchell and Finnegan, 2009;Storelvmo et al, 2013;Muri et al, 2014;Storelvmo and Herger, 2014]. Gettelman et al [2012] showed that black carbon aerosols have a small and not statistically significant aerosol indirect effects on cirrus when included as ice nuclei, for nucleation efficiencies within the range of laboratory measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol effects on cirrus through ice nucleation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 with a statistical cirrus scheme

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2014

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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A statistical cirrus scheme that tracks ice saturation ratio in the clear-sky and cloudy portion of a grid box separately has been implemented into the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 to provide a consistent treatment of ice nucleation and cloud formation. Simulated ice supersaturation and ice crystal number concentrations strongly depend on the number concentrations of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN), subgrid temperature formulas, and the number concentration of sulfate particles participating in homogeneous freezing, while simulated ice water content is insensitive to these perturbations. Allowing 1-10% of dust particles to serve as heterogeneous IN is found to produce ice supersaturation in better agreement with observations. Introducing a subgrid temperature perturbation based on long-term aircraft observations produces a better hemispheric contrast in ice supersaturation compared to observations. Heterogeneous IN from dust particles alter the net radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere (TOA) . Aerosol effects on cirrus exert an even larger impact on the atmospheric component of the radiative fluxes (2 or 3 times the changes in the TOA radiative fluxes) and therefore through the fast atmosphere response on the hydrological cycle. This points to the urgent need to quantify aerosol effects on cirrus through ice nucleation and how these further affect the hydrological cycle.

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Section: The Effects Of Heterogeneous In In the Pd Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol effects on cirrus through ice nucleation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 with a statistical cirrus scheme

Wang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2014

J Adv Model Earth Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent studies by Storelvmo et al (2013Storelvmo et al ( , 2014 have quantified the direct radiative effects produced by seeding uppertropospheric cirrus ice clouds with large IN. Although this is not directly related to our specific discussion on SG side effects, it can be considered as indirect evidence of the importance of correctly understanding the balance between the complex microphysical processes regulating the formation and growth of upper-tropospheric ice particles.…”

Section: Ice Formation Via Heterogeneous Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide

2017

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Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering has been proposed as an affordable and climate-effective means to temporarily offset the warming produced by the increase of well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs). This technique would likely have to be applied while and after global intergovernmental measures on emissions of WMGHGs are implemented in order to achieve surface temperature stabilization. The direct radiative effects of sulfur injection in the tropical lower stratosphere can be summarized as increasing shortwave scattering with consequent tropospheric cooling and increasing longwave absorption with stratospheric warming. Indirect radiative effects are related to induced changes in the ozone distribution; stratospheric water vapor abundance,;formation and size of upper-tropospheric cirrus ice particles; and lifetime of long-lived species, namely CH 4 in connection with OH changes through several photochemical mechanisms. Direct and indirect effects of sulfate geoengineering both concur to determine the atmospheric response. A review of previous studies on these effects is presented here, with an outline of the important factors that control the amount of sulfur dioxide to be injected in an eventual realization of the experiment. However, we need to take into account that atmospheric models used for these studies have shown a wide range of climate sensitivity and differences in the response to stratospheric volcanic aerosols. In addition, large uncertainties exist in the estimate of some of these aerosol effects.

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“…Efficient ice nuclei (such as bismuth triiodide) seeding of cirrus cloud might artificially reduce their cover (Mitchell and Finnegan, 2009;Storelvmo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Isa-induced Cloud Albedo Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Power stations, ships and air traffic are among the most potent greenhouse gas emitters and are primarily responsible for global warming. Iron salt aerosols (ISAs), composed partly of iron and chloride, exert a cooling effect on climate in several ways. This article aims firstly to examine all direct and indirect natural climate cooling mechanisms driven by ISA tropospheric aerosol particles, showing their cooperation and interaction within the different environmental compartments. Secondly, it looks at a proposal to enhance the cooling effects of ISA in order to reach the optimistic target of the Paris climate agreement to limit the global temperature increase between 1.5 and 2 • C.Mineral dust played an important role during the glacial periods; by using mineral dust as a natural analogue tool and by mimicking the same method used in nature, the proposed ISA method might be able to reduce and stop climate warming. The first estimations made in this article show that by doubling the current natural iron emissions by ISA into the troposphere, i.e., by about 0.3 Tg Fe yr −1 , artificial ISA would enable the prevention or even reversal of global warming. The ISA method proposed integrates technical and economically feasible tools.

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Cirrus Cloud Seeding has Potential to Cool climate

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Aerosol effects on cirrus through ice nucleation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 with a statistical cirrus scheme

Aerosol effects on cirrus through ice nucleation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 with a statistical cirrus scheme

Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide

Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method

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