Circulating genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in Northwestern Italy

Battisti, Elena; Zanet, Stefania; Trisciuoglio, Andrea; Bruno, Simona; Ferroglio, E.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.023

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mixed infections have been described previously not only in ovine and porcine livestock [24,45,53] but also in European wildlife species [42,54]. The type I allele at the SAG3 marker was also detected alone in another foetal brain tissue (ID#17/28.1) from outbreak #3 and in the myocardium from an adult animal (BA18 G#34) bred in Badajoz Province (Southwest Spain), calling attention to the extension of this type I allele through livestock, as in other European studies [23,45,51]. Considering that the bioassay of samples #17/21.2 (Ia and IIa alleles detected) and #17/28.1 (Ia and Ib alleles present) resulted in TgShSp4 and TgShSp5 isolation (only IIa allele found), a selection of certain strains is evident during isolation experiments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…commercial meat products) [21,40,45,46] or causing abortion [47,48]. Until recently, most T. gondii clonal types had been recognized as infecting livestock, pets and wild animals in Europe [43,49], but this might be biased due to the use of only SAG2 genetic markers or a few of them for typing assays; currently, more comprehensive studies in terms of the sample size, number of molecular markers, and interactions between livestock and wildlife species have revealed an unexpectedly higher presence of polymorphic strains [50,51], similar to direct genotyping from clinical samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Spanish sheep flocks

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of abortion in small ruminants and presents a zoonotic risk when undercooked meat containing cysts is consumed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity among the T. gondii strains circulating in ovine livestock in Spain. Methods Selected samples collected from abortion outbreaks due to toxoplasmosis (n = 31) and from chronically infected adult sheep at slaughterhouses (n = 50) in different Spanish regions were bioassayed in mice, aiming at parasite isolation. In addition, all original clinical samples and the resulting isolates were genotyped by multi-nested PCR-RFLP analysis of 11 molecular markers and by PCR-DNA sequencing of portions of the SAG3, GRA6 and GRA7 genes. Results As a result, 30 isolates were obtained from 9 Spanish regions: 10 isolates from abortion-derived samples and 20 isolates from adult myocardial tissues. Overall, 3 genotypes were found: ToxoDB#3 (type II PRU variant) in 90% (27/30) of isolates, ToxoDB#2 (clonal type III) in 6.7% (2/30), and ToxoDB#1 (clonal type II) in 3.3% (1/30). When T. gondii-positive tissue samples (n = 151) were directly subjected to RFLP genotyping, complete restriction profiles were obtained for 33% of samples, and up to 98% of the specimens belonged to the type II PRU variant. A foetal brain showed a clonal type II pattern, and four specimens showed unexpected type I alleles at the SAG3 marker, including two foetal brains that showed I + II alleles as co-infection events. Amplicons of SAG3, GRA6 and GRA7 obtained from isolates and clinical samples were subjected to sequencing, allowing us to confirm RFLP results and to detect different single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusions The present study informed the existence of a predominant type II PRU variant genotype (ToxoDB#3) infecting domestic sheep in Spain, in both abortion cases and chronic infections in adults, coexisting with other clonal (ToxoDB#1 and ToxoDB#2), much less frequent genotypes, as well as polymorphic strains as revealed by clinical sample genotyping. The use of multilocus sequence typing aided in accurately estimating T. gondii intragenotype diversity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Spanish sheep flocks

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the current study, sequences of the isolates had the highest similarity with type I clonal lineage of T. gondii . This finding is in good agreement with similar studies conducted on ovine aborted fetuses in Qazvin and Khorasan Razavi Province, as well as on adult sheep from Jahrom district in Fars province in Iran ( 22 , 24 , 30 ). However, this finding is not consistent with studies conducted in United Kingdom, Italy, ( 31 ), Denmark ( 32 ), or Ireland ( 33 ) that reported type II of T. gondii as the most prevalent clonal lineage in aborted fetuses of sheep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molecular Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep Aborted Fetuses Reveals Predominance of Type I Infection in Southwest of Iran

Arefkhah

Sarkari

Asgari

et al. 2020

IJPA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: We aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii in ovine aborted fetuses and evaluate its genetic variations in the southwest of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 aborted ovine fetuses collected from the different region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran, in lambing season during 2017 and 2018. DNA was extracted from the brain samples of all of the aborted fetuses and PCR amplified, targeting a 529 bp repetitive element gene of T. gondii. Moreover, to find out the heterogeneity of the positive samples, PCR-DNA amplification of the two main genetic markers, B1 and GRA6, of T. gondii were performed. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, using the BLAST program and MEGA-X software. Results: The 529 bp gene of T. gondii was detected in 2 out of 100 (2%) of the ovine aborted samples. The sequences analysis of GRA6 and B1 genes revealed that both isolates from the aborted fetuses of sheep belonged to type I of T. gondii. Intra-divergence was more seen in GRA6 gene whereas less divergence was observed in B1 gene. Conclusion: Congenital infection with Type I of T. gondii during the neonatal period is associated with abortion in ovine. Evaluation of more aborted samples from broader geographical areas is needed to elucidate the molecular epidemiology and also the genotypes of T. gondii associated with abortion.

show abstract

“…The prevalence of T. gondii genotype II ranged in Europe from 50% in Spain (Calero-Bernal et al , 2015) to 100% in France (Richomme et al , 2009; Aubert et al , 2010). However, in some regions of Europe (i.e., Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Slovakia, and Portugal), the genetic variability can be higher than previously stated and type III, type I, and mixed or atypical strains of T. gondii may be more frequent (Fuentes et al , 2001; de Sousa et al , 2006; Berger-Schoch et al , 2011; Mancianti et al , 2013; Turčeková et al , 2013; Verin et al , 2013; Bacci et al , 2015; Formenti et al , 2016; Battisti et al , 2018). In Poland, the results of our own, previous research, where types III and I, as well as mixed or atypical were detected (i.e., in goat milk, ticks from vegetative stage, and wildlife), may confirm this statement (Sroka et al , 2016, 2017; Cisak et al , 2017; Zając et al , 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Detection and Molecular Characteristics ofToxoplasma gondiiDNA in Retail Raw Meat Products in Poland

Sroka

Bilska–Zając

Wójcik-Fatla

et al. 2019

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Raw and undercooked meat are regarded as important sources of Toxoplasma gondii infection of people in Europe; however, data concerning this issue in Poland are still insufficient. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii DNA isolated from raw meat products retailed in Poland. The molecular characteristics of detected DNA were also performed. Samples of cured bacon, raw or smoked sausages, ham, and minced meat were examined for the presence of T. gondii DNA. Samples were digested by pepsin solution, followed by the DNA isolation. Nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed based on the amplification of 35-fold-repetitive B1 fragment gene of T. gondii. For selected B1-positive samples, multiplex PCR was performed using SAG1, SAG2 (5′-SAG2 and 3′-SAG2), altSAG2, SAG3, GRA6, BTUB, C29-2, and L358 genetic markers. Amplicons were sequenced and analyzed with NCBI database. Among 3223 examined samples, 175 (5.4%) were PCR positive. The highest percentages of positive results were found for samples originating from south-east regions of Poland—Podkarpackie (17.9%), Małopolskie (12.6%), and Lubelskie (10.8%) (p < 0.001). The percentages of positive results for particular types of meat products—sausages, smoked meat products, ham, and minced meat—ranged from 4.5% to 5.8% and the differences between them were not significant (p > 0.05). Sequence analysis of selected B1-positive samples demonstrated mostly the alleles of clonal type III (49.0%), and less—type II (17.3%), and type I (10.2%) based on nine used genetic markers. The combinations of types I/II or II/III or I/III alleles at different loci were also found in 23.5% of cases. Detection of T. gondii DNA in raw meat products may indicate the potential health threat for consumers in Poland; however, for complete risk assessment of T. gondii infection, the additional studies, including detection of live parasite, are needed.

show abstract

Circulating genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in Northwestern Italy

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Spanish sheep flocks

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Spanish sheep flocks

Molecular Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep Aborted Fetuses Reveals Predominance of Type I Infection in Southwest of Iran

Detection and Molecular Characteristics ofToxoplasma gondiiDNA in Retail Raw Meat Products in Poland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About