Circular ring structured ultra-wideband antenna for wearable applications

This article presents the design of low-profile single band antenna on flexible substrate material. The proposed antenna is designed on the polyimide substrate with overall size of 30 mm × 30 mm × 0.2 mm. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range of 5.71 to 5.99 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 4.8% and covers the Industrial Scientific Medical band for medical body area network applications. The antenna is enabled by placing artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) with two by two array elements under the ground plane. The AMC structure acts as an isolation for the ground plane and main radiator to reduce back radiation. Compared with literature in the wearable antenna designs, the proposed antenna is compact in structure with high gain of 8.31 dBi with AMC-backed structure. The specific absorption rate values are observed by placing the antenna on the three-layered human body model and the observed values are 1.26 and 0.72 W/Kg without AMC and with AMC, respectively. The obtained values are in conjunction with ICNIRP standards, that is, 2 W/Kg should be averaged over 10 g of tissue. The proposed antenna can be used for the smart clothing and wearable electronics applications.

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“…The circular ring structure is derived from circular patch whose radius “ R 1 ” is calculated using 13 :

R_{1} = \frac{F}{{({}, 1 + \frac{2 h}{{italicπε}_{r}} ([], \ln ((), \frac{italicπF}{2 h}) + 1.7726))}^{1 / 2}},

where

F = \frac{8.791 \times 10^{9}}{f_{r} \sqrt{ε_{r}}},

where “ h ” is the thickness of the substrate.…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Windmill‐shaped antenna with artificial magnetic conductor‐backed structure for wearable medical applications

Nadh

Madhav

Kumar

et al. 2020

Int J Numerical Modelling

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“…To enhance the bandwidth of the antenna, numerous modifications in geometry have been reported, such as the use of Ashoka chakra shaped as radiating part and triangular truncated corners in the ground plane [7], perforated in the ground radiator with the corner cut top rectangular patch [8], fractal structures [9], and slots of different shapes [10], T-shaped [11], L-shaped [12], crescent shape [13], staircase-shaped slits [14], and flower-shaped patch [15]. These methods are useful to the design of a wideband antenna for wearable applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Investigation of Flexible UWB Antenna near Human Body for Wearable Appliances

Sharma¹,

Yadav²,

Singhal³

et al. 2022

PIER B

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A very economical and compact size wearable antenna operating over Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) spectrum is investigated in the proposed work. The antenna is modelled on a thin FR-4 (0.2 mm) material that makes it flexible and well-suited for wearable appliances. The radiating patch structure is the combination of one square and two elliptical patches rotated at 45 • and fed with a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth. The complete radiating structure looks like a flower shape, and it has a partial ground to support the radiation from the antenna over the complete UWB. The flexibility of the proposed structure is investigated by bending it along xz and yz planes using cylindrical shape foam. The peak Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is demonstrated for 1 g and 10 g of tissues at different chosen frequencies like 3.7, 8.4, and 11.2 GHz using a three-layer phantom model. The presented antenna performance analysis and compact size confirm that it is a good candidate for wearable applications.

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“…The lobes can be at from any angles and some of the lobes are separated and their strengths fall to 0, carrying no energy forming a diffraction pattern. From Figure 2, we can see the lobe which is in front is called the front lobe and the lobe which is directly to the behind is called a back lobe (Prudhvi Nadh et al , 2019). And the lobes which are between them are called the side lobes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved peak side lobe reduction method for linear array antenna for military applications

Kotamraju

2021

IJICC

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve energy efficiency and further reduction of side lobe level the algorithm proposed is firework algorithm. In this paper, roused by the eminent swarm conduct of firecrackers, a novel multitude insight calculation called fireworks algorithm (FA) is proposed for work enhancement. The FA is introduced and actualized by mimicking the blast procedure of firecrackers. In the FA, two blast (search) forms are utilized and systems for keeping decent variety of sparkles are likewise all around planned. To approve the presentation of the proposed FA, correlation tests were led on nine benchmark test capacities among the FA, the standard PSO (SPSO) and the clonal PSO (CPSO).Design/methodology/approachThe antenna arrays are used to improve the capacity and spectral efficiency of wireless communication system. The latest communication systems use the antenna array technology to improve the spectral efficiency, fill rate and the energy efficiency of the communication system can be enhanced. One of the most important properties of antenna array is beam pattern. A directional main lobe with low side lobe level (SLL) of the beam pattern will reduce the interference and enhance the quality of communication. The classical methods for reducing the side lobe level are differential evolution algorithm and PSO algorithm. In this paper, roused by the eminent swarm conduct of firecrackers, a novel multitude insight calculation called fireworks algorithm (FA) is proposed for work enhancement. The FA is introduced and actualized by mimicking the blast procedure of firecrackers. In the FA, two blast (search) forms are utilized and systems for keeping decent variety of sparkles are likewise all around planned. To approve the presentation of the proposed FA, correlation tests were led on nine benchmark test capacities among the FA, the standard PSO (SPSO) and the clonal PSO (CPSO). It is demonstrated that the FA plainly beats the SPSO and the CPSO in both enhancement exactness and combination speed. The results convey that the side lobe level is reduced to −34.78dB and fill rate is increased to 78.53.FindingsSamples including 16-element LAAs are conducted to verify the optimization performances of the SLL reductions. Simulation results show that the SLLs can be effectively reduced by FA. Moreover, compared with other benchmark algorithms, fireworks has a better performance in terms of the accuracy, the convergence rate and the stability.Research limitations/implicationsWith the use of algorithms radiation is prone to noise one way or other. Even with any optimizations we cannot expect radiation to be ideal. Power dissipation or electro magnetic interference is bound to happen, but the use of optimization algorithms tries to reduce them to the extent that is possible.Practical implications16-element linear antenna array is available with latest versions of Matlab.Social implicationsThe latest technologies and emerging developments in the field of communication and with exponential growth in users the capacity of communication system has bottlenecks. The antenna arrays are used to improve the capacity and spectral efficiency of wireless communication system. The latest communication systems use the antenna array technology which is to improve the spectral efficiency, fill rate and the energy efficiency of the communication system can be enhanced.Originality/valueBy using FA, the fill rate is increased to 78.53 and the side lobe level is reduced to 35dB, when compared with the bench mark algorithms.

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Circular ring structured ultra-wideband antenna for wearable applications

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Windmill‐shaped antenna with artificial magnetic conductor‐backed structure for wearable medical applications

Windmill‐shaped antenna with artificial magnetic conductor‐backed structure for wearable medical applications

Performance Investigation of Flexible UWB Antenna near Human Body for Wearable Appliances

An improved peak side lobe reduction method for linear array antenna for military applications

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