Circannual changes in the secondary sexual adornments of semifree-ranging male and female mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)

The Evolution of the Multicoloured Face of Mandrills: Insights from the Perceptual Space of Colour Vision

“…In accordance with previous studies in mandrills (e.g. [23] , ) and in the closely related drill Mandrillus leucophaeus [37] , we found a positive correlation between dominance rank and the intensity of red colouration, even when the effect of age is taken into account. Moreover, we showed for the first time that dominant males exhibit more saturated blue colours than others and that the contrasts between facial blue and red increased conspecifics' abilities to discriminate social rank.…”

The Evolution of the Multicoloured Face of Mandrills: Insights from the Perceptual Space of Colour Vision

“…In accordance with previous studies in mandrills (e.g. [23] , ) and in the closely related drill Mandrillus leucophaeus [37] , we found a positive correlation between dominance rank and the intensity of red colouration, even when the effect of age is taken into account. Moreover, we showed for the first time that dominant males exhibit more saturated blue colours than others and that the contrasts between facial blue and red increased conspecifics' abilities to discriminate social rank.…”

Sexual Signaling and Sociosexual Behaviors in Relation to Rank, Parasites, Hormones, and Age in Male Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in Uganda

“…However, season was not a predictor of any color characteristics, which is consistent with our finding that while color characteristics vary within males over the short‐term (3 months), these changes are relatively small and not in a consistent direction. Our results are similar to those in mandrils that found adult males did not exhibit consistent changes in sexual skin coloration with mating seasonality (Setchell and Dixson 2001b ), but contrast with findings in snub‐nosed monkeys that do exhibit mating season changes in all males (albeit in different directions for harem‐holding males and bachelors; Grueter et al 2015 ). It is possible that since the Nabugabo population of vervets copulates and conceives year‐round (Schwegel et al 2023 ), changes in male coloration occur at a finer temporal scale (e.g., days) than used here (i.e., 3 months seasonality), as seen in rhesus macaques whose faces darken on days they are observed copulating (Petersdorf et al 2017 ).…”

Social Organisation, Ecology and Reproduction in the Sanje Mangabey (Cercocebus Sanjei) in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania

“…Similar behaviour has also been noted for chimpanzees and bonobos (Deschner et al, 2003;2004;Goodall, 1986;McArthur et al, 1981;Paoli et al, 2006), gorillas (Atsalis & Margulis, 2006;Nadler, 1975;Stewart, 1977) and baboons (Alberts, 1999;Altmann, 1990;Rowell, 1969;Zinner et al, 1994). Mandrill males, however, do not mount pregnant females (Setchell & Dixson, 2001b).…”

The Evolution of the Multicoloured Face of Mandrills: Insights from the Perceptual Space of Colour Vision

“…In accordance with previous studies in mandrills (e.g. [23] , ) and in the closely related drill Mandrillus leucophaeus [37] , we found a positive correlation between dominance rank and the intensity of red colouration, even when the effect of age is taken into account. Moreover, we showed for the first time that dominant males exhibit more saturated blue colours than others and that the contrasts between facial blue and red increased conspecifics' abilities to discriminate social rank.…”

Sexual Signaling and Sociosexual Behaviors in Relation to Rank, Parasites, Hormones, and Age in Male Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in Uganda

“…However, season was not a predictor of any color characteristics, which is consistent with our finding that while color characteristics vary within males over the short‐term (3 months), these changes are relatively small and not in a consistent direction. Our results are similar to those in mandrils that found adult males did not exhibit consistent changes in sexual skin coloration with mating seasonality (Setchell and Dixson 2001b ), but contrast with findings in snub‐nosed monkeys that do exhibit mating season changes in all males (albeit in different directions for harem‐holding males and bachelors; Grueter et al 2015 ). It is possible that since the Nabugabo population of vervets copulates and conceives year‐round (Schwegel et al 2023 ), changes in male coloration occur at a finer temporal scale (e.g., days) than used here (i.e., 3 months seasonality), as seen in rhesus macaques whose faces darken on days they are observed copulating (Petersdorf et al 2017 ).…”

Social Organisation, Ecology and Reproduction in the Sanje Mangabey (Cercocebus Sanjei) in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania

“…Similar behaviour has also been noted for chimpanzees and bonobos (Deschner et al, 2003;2004;Goodall, 1986;McArthur et al, 1981;Paoli et al, 2006), gorillas (Atsalis & Margulis, 2006;Nadler, 1975;Stewart, 1977) and baboons (Alberts, 1999;Altmann, 1990;Rowell, 1969;Zinner et al, 1994). Mandrill males, however, do not mount pregnant females (Setchell & Dixson, 2001b).…”

The Evolution of the Multicoloured Face of Mandrills: Insights from the Perceptual Space of Colour Vision

“…In accordance with previous studies in mandrills (e.g. [23] , ) and in the closely related drill Mandrillus leucophaeus [37] , we found a positive correlation between dominance rank and the intensity of red colouration, even when the effect of age is taken into account. Moreover, we showed for the first time that dominant males exhibit more saturated blue colours than others and that the contrasts between facial blue and red increased conspecifics' abilities to discriminate social rank.…”

Sexual Signaling and Sociosexual Behaviors in Relation to Rank, Parasites, Hormones, and Age in Male Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in Uganda

“…However, season was not a predictor of any color characteristics, which is consistent with our finding that while color characteristics vary within males over the short‐term (3 months), these changes are relatively small and not in a consistent direction. Our results are similar to those in mandrils that found adult males did not exhibit consistent changes in sexual skin coloration with mating seasonality (Setchell and Dixson 2001b ), but contrast with findings in snub‐nosed monkeys that do exhibit mating season changes in all males (albeit in different directions for harem‐holding males and bachelors; Grueter et al 2015 ). It is possible that since the Nabugabo population of vervets copulates and conceives year‐round (Schwegel et al 2023 ), changes in male coloration occur at a finer temporal scale (e.g., days) than used here (i.e., 3 months seasonality), as seen in rhesus macaques whose faces darken on days they are observed copulating (Petersdorf et al 2017 ).…”

Social Organisation, Ecology and Reproduction in the Sanje Mangabey (Cercocebus Sanjei) in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania

“…Similar behaviour has also been noted for chimpanzees and bonobos (Deschner et al, 2003;2004;Goodall, 1986;McArthur et al, 1981;Paoli et al, 2006), gorillas (Atsalis & Margulis, 2006;Nadler, 1975;Stewart, 1977) and baboons (Alberts, 1999;Altmann, 1990;Rowell, 1969;Zinner et al, 1994). Mandrill males, however, do not mount pregnant females (Setchell & Dixson, 2001b).…”