Circadian rhythm of a<i>Silene</i>species favours nocturnal pollination and constrains diurnal visitation

Prieto‐Benítez, Samuel; Dötterl, Stefan; Giménez‐Benavides, Luis

doi:10.1093/aob/mcw136

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Such effects might benefit certain plant species through increased visitation rates, but unbalance plantpollinator interactions at the community level [118]. Regarding floral scent, adaptive circadian rhythms are important in timing the release of floral volatiles in some nocturnally pollinated plants [119], and these are likely to be disrupted by presence of ALAN obscuring photoperiodic cues [120]. If this were to result in reductions in visitation by preferred pollinator taxa [37], and/or increase visitation by less efficient taxa, then there may be a possibility of reduced productivity and higher floral costs, but such effects have not been investigated.…”

Section: Artificial Light At Nightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal pollination: an overlooked ecosystem service vulnerable to environmental change

Macgregor

Scott-Brown

2020

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences

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Existing assessments of the ecosystem service of pollination have been largely restricted to diurnal insects, with a particular focus on generalist foragers such as wild and honey bees. As knowledge of how these plant-pollinator systems function, their relevance to food security and biodiversity, and the fragility of these mutually beneficial interactions increases, attention is diverting to other, less well-studied pollinator groups. One such group are those that forage at night. In this review, we document evidence that nocturnal species are providers of pollination services (including pollination of economically valuable and culturally important crops, as well as wild plants of conservation concern), but highlight how little is known about the scale of such services. We discuss the primary mechanisms involved in night-time communication between plants and insect pollen-vectors, including floral scent, visual cues (and associated specialized visual systems), and thermogenic sensitivity (associated with thermogenic flowers). We highlight that these mechanisms are vulnerable to direct and indirect disruption by a range of anthropogenic drivers of environmental change, including air and soil pollution, artificial light at night, and climate change. Lastly, we highlight a number of directions for future research that will be important if nocturnal pollination services are to be fully understood and ultimately conserved.

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Section: Artificial Light At Nightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal pollination: an overlooked ecosystem service vulnerable to environmental change

Macgregor

Scott-Brown

2020

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences

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“…; Prieto‐Benitez et al . ). In cultivated daffodils and in N. serotin us, the compounds released during the day and at night are similar, with slightly higher percentage in the diurnal emission (Dobson et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Prieto‐Benitez et al . ), or whether compound emission followed circadian patterns (extractions were done between 19:00–20:00 h), which usually affects attraction of nocturnal and diurnal visitors (Balao et al . ; Burdon et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The function of the floral corona in the pollination of a Mediterranean style dimorphic daffodil

et al. 2017

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Narcissus papyraceus is a style dimorphic species with two floral forms, with anthers at similar height and stigmas above (long-styled L) and below (short-styled S) the anther level. The species is self-incompatible, but intra- and inter-morph compatible. Populations are either dimorphic (including both morphs) in the region of the Strait of Gibraltar, or L-monomorphic (with only L plants) in the inland of the Iberian Peninsula. This variation correlates with the most common floral visitors, being primarily long-tongued and short-tongued pollinators, respectively, a rare condition in Mediterranean plants. The maintenance of S-flowers relies on long-tongued insects, as only those deliver pollen to short-styled stigmas. Narcissus flowers present a long and narrow tube, at the bottom of which nectar accumulates, and a floral corona, which has been proposed as an important trait for the attraction of pollinators. Here we tested the importance of the corona on pollination of L and S flowers. We described UV reflectance patterns of the corona and tepals, and characterised VOCs in intact flowers and flowers with trimmed coronas. We also conducted a field experiment in the dimorphic and monomorphic region to estimate the importance of corona removal on seed production in stands with solitary plants and in groups to control for compatible pollen limitation. Reflectance was higher in the tepals than the corona, although both traits presented a reflectance peak around 450 nm wavelength. L- and S-flowers produced similar volatiles, regardless of the manipulation of the corona. Across dimorphic and monomorphic regions, S-flowers with the corona removed suffered a reduction in seed production of ca. 50%, while seed production remained similar in L flowers both with the corona intact and removed. Plants in solitary stands suffered a strong reduction in seed production, which was more pronounced in the monomorphic region. Our results suggest that the corona in Narcissus is more important for the pollination of S-flowers, which generally have lower seed production compared to L-flowers. Taken together, these results suggest that the floral corona indirectly plays an important role for maintenance of the polymorphism.

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“…For example, the fitness of Nicotiana attenuata plants is affected if the timing of flower orientation or olfactory pollination cues is altered physically or genetically ( Baldwin et al, 1997 ; Yon et al, 2017 ). Overlap between the window of pollinator activity and the timing of floral signals is common, whether the signals are related to physical access ( Overland, 1960 ; Goldblatt et al, 2004 ), flower orientation ( Yon et al, 2017 ), or scent production ( Heath et al, 1992 ; Huber et al, 2004 ; Effmert et al, 2005 ; Kumano and Yamaoka, 2006 ; Okamoto et al, 2008 ; Prieto-Benítez et al, 2016 ; Chapurlat et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Scent Composition and Fine-Scale Timing in Two Moth-Pollinated Hawaiian Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae)

et al. 2020

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Floral scent often intensifies during periods of pollinator activity, but the degree of this synchrony may vary among scent compounds depending on their function. Related plant species with the same pollinator may exhibit similar timing and composition of floral scent. We compared timing and composition of floral volatiles for two endemic Hawaiian plant species, Schiedea kaalae and S. hookeri (Caryophyllaceae). For S. kaalae, we also compared the daily timing of emission of floral volatiles to evening visits of their shared pollinator, an endemic Hawaiian moth (Pseudoschrankia brevipalpis; Erebidae). The identity and amount of floral volatiles were measured in the greenhouse during day and evening periods with dynamic headspace sampling and GC-MS (gas chromatographymass spectrometry). The timing of emissions (daily rise, peak, and fall) was measured by sampling continuously for multiple days in a growth chamber with PTR-MS (proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry). Nearly all volatiles detected underwent strong daily cycles in emission. Timings of floral volatile emissions were similar for S. kaalae and S. hookeri, as expected for two species sharing the same pollinator. For S. kaalae, many volatiles known to attract moths, including several linalool oxides and 2phenylacetaldehyde, peaked within 2 h of the peak visitation time of the moth which pollinates both species. Floral volatiles of both species that peaked in the evening were also emitted several hours before and after the brief window of pollinator activity. Few volatiles followed a daytime emission pattern, consistent with increased apparency to visitors only at night. The scent blends of the two species differed in their major components and were most distinct from each other in the evening. The qualitative difference in evening scent composition between the two Schiedea species may reflect their distinct evolutionary history and may indicate that the moth species uses several different floral cues to locate rewards.

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Circadian rhythm of aSilenespecies favours nocturnal pollination and constrains diurnal visitation

Cited by 23 publications

References 102 publications

Nocturnal pollination: an overlooked ecosystem service vulnerable to environmental change

Nocturnal pollination: an overlooked ecosystem service vulnerable to environmental change

The function of the floral corona in the pollination of a Mediterranean style dimorphic daffodil

Floral Scent Composition and Fine-Scale Timing in Two Moth-Pollinated Hawaiian Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae)

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