Circadian depression: A mood disorder phenotype

Carpenter, Joanne S.; Crouse, Jacob J.; Scott, Elizabeth; Naismith, Sharon L.; Wilson, Chloe; Scott, Jan; Merikangas, Kathleen R.; Hickie, Ian B.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045

Cited by 67 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 364 publications

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“…However, our data would seem to be at odds with neuroimaging studies linking increased striatal responses to reward with SUD risk ( Heitzeg et al, 2015 ; Tervo-Clemmens et al, 2020 ). Also, while we have primarily focused on the relevance to addiction to this point, it may be worth considering how the present findings may be relevant to mood disorders, especially given the rich literature on associations between sleep/circadian characteristics, including circadian misalignment, and depression [e.g., ( Emens et al, 2009 ; Hasler et al, 2010 ; Carpenter et al, 2021 )]. Interestingly, growing neuroimaging evidence (including longitudinal data) links a decreased striatal response to reward to depression risk [e.g., ( Fischer et al, 2019 )] and the onset of depression [reviewed in Ng et al (2019) ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Evidence That Circadian Alignment Predicts Neural Response to Monetary Reward in Late Adolescent Drinkers

et al. 2022

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BackgroundRobust evidence links sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances to alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, with a growing literature implicating reward-related mechanisms. However, the extant literature has been limited by cross-sectional designs, self-report or behavioral proxies for circadian timing, and samples without substantive alcohol use. Here, we employed objective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, and an intensive prospective design, to assess whether circadian alignment predicts the neural response to reward in a sample of late adolescents reporting regular alcohol use.MethodsParticipants included 31 late adolescents (18–22 y/o; 19 female participants) reporting weekly alcohol use. Participants completed a 14-day protocol including pre- and post-weekend (Thursday and Sunday) circadian phase assessments via the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), in counterbalanced order. Sleep-wake timing was assessed via actigraphy. Circadian alignment was operationalized as the DLMO-midsleep interval; secondary analyses considered social jet lag based on weekday-weekend differences in midsleep or DLMO. Neural response to reward (anticipation and outcome) was assessed via a monetary reward fMRI task (Friday and Monday scans). Alcohol use was assessed at baseline and via ecological momentary assessment. Mean BOLD signal was extracted from two regions-of-interest (striatum and medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC) for analyses in regression models, accounting for age, sex, racial identity, and scan order.ResultsIn primary analyses, shorter DLMO-midsleep intervals (i.e., greater misalignment) on Thursday predicted lower striatal and mPFC responses to anticipated reward, but not reward outcome, on Friday. Lower neural (striatum and mPFC) responses to anticipated reward on Friday correlated with more binge-drinking episodes at baseline, but were not associated with alcohol use in the post-scan weekend. In secondary analyses, greater social jet lag (particularly larger weekend delays in midsleep or DLMO) was associated with lower neural responses to reward anticipation on Monday.ConclusionFindings provide preliminary evidence of proximal associations between objectively determined circadian alignment and the neural response to anticipated monetary reward, which is linked in turn to patterns of problematic drinking. Replication in a larger sample and experimental designs will be important next steps to determining the extent to which circadian misalignment influences risk for alcohol involvement via alterations in reward function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Evidence That Circadian Alignment Predicts Neural Response to Monetary Reward in Late Adolescent Drinkers

et al. 2022

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“…As above, it is possible that encouraging lifestyle modifications that are have been shown to improve a range of mental health symptoms, such as improving sleep disturbance and/or sleep-wake cycles 70 – 72 , could reduce the overall burden of symptoms and partially alleviate associated impairment. Importantly, these types of lifestyle modifications and related interventions are scalable, cost-effective, and engagement can be encouraged via public health programs or increasingly popular digital technologies (e.g., wearable activity/sleep monitors) 73 , 74 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Days out of role and somatic, anxious-depressive, hypo-manic, and psychotic-like symptom dimensions in a community sample of young adults

Crouse

Scott

et al. 2021

Transl Psychiatry

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Improving our understanding of the causes of functional impairment in young people is a major global challenge. Here, we investigated the relationships between self-reported days out of role and the total quantity and different patterns of self-reported somatic, anxious-depressive, psychotic-like, and hypomanic symptoms in a community-based cohort of young adults. We examined self-ratings of 23 symptoms ranging across the four dimensions and days out of role in >1900 young adult twins and non-twin siblings participating in the “19Up” wave of the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) quantified associations between impairment and different symptom patterns. Three individual symptoms showed significant associations with days out of role, with the largest association for impaired concentration. When impairment was assessed according to each symptom dimension, there was a clear stepwise relationship between the total number of somatic symptoms and the likelihood of impairment, while individuals reporting ≥4 anxious-depressive symptoms or five hypomanic symptoms had greater likelihood of reporting days out of role. Furthermore, there was a stepwise relationship between the total number of undifferentiated symptoms and the likelihood of reporting days out of role. There was some suggestion of differences in the magnitude and significance of associations when the cohort was stratified according to sex, but not for age or twin status. Our findings reinforce the development of early intervention mental health frameworks and, if confirmed, support the need to consider interventions for subthreshold and/or undifferentiated syndromes for reducing disability among young people.

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“…An estimated 20–30% of MDD patients are hypothesized to have a “circadian rhythm depression” disorder. Gender differences in this subgroup show that females have shorter intrinsic circadian periods and higher plasma melatonin and cortisol levels [ 212 ]. Gender differences were also identified in postmortem nonpsychiatric brain tissue showing that males had almost twice as many significant rhythmic transcripts in the DLPFC while females had nearly four times as many rhythmic transcripts in the anterior cingulate (ACC) [ 213 ].…”

Section: The Circadian Clockmentioning

confidence: 99%