Ciprofloxacin-Eluting Nanofibers Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections and are known to form biofilms. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), which is normally used to treat these infections, is seldom effective in killing cells in a biofilm. This is mostly due to slow or weak penetration of CIP to the core of biofilms. The problem is accentuated by the release of CIP below MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) levels following a rapid (burst) release. The aim of this study was to develop a drug carrier that would keep CIP above MIC levels for an extended period. Ciprofloxacin was suspended into poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and electrospun into nanofibers (CIP-F). All of the CIP was released from the nanofibers within 2 h, which is typical of a burst release. However, 99% of P. aeruginosa PA01 cells and 91% of S. aureus Xen 30 cells (a methicillin-resistant strain) in biofilms were killed when exposed to CIP-F. CIP levels remained above MIC for 5 days, as shown by growth inhibition of the cells in vitro. The nanofibers were smooth in texture with no bead formation, as revealed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. A single vibration peak at 1632 cm-1, recorded with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, indicated that CIP remained in crystal form when incorporated into PDLLA: PEO. No abnormalities in the histology of MCF-12A breast epithelial cells were observed when exposed to CIP-F. This is the first report of the inhibition of biofilm formation by CIP released from PDLLA: PEO nanofibers.

Copper-Containing Anti-Biofilm Nanofiber Scaffolds as a Wound Dressing Material

“…aureus Xen 30 (inhibition zone diameter: 12 ± 1.5 mm). Nanofibers without copper particles (CF) did not inhibit the growth of the two species and confirmed previous findings [ 31 – 34 , 38 , 27 ]. The smaller inhibition zone recorded for P .…”

“…The sudden release of high concentrations of copper during the first 2 h is important to control infections and restrict biofilm formation by killing more planktonic cells. The burst release of copper is similar to that reported for nisin, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, Ag-NPs, and ciprofloxacin incorporated into PDLLA/PEO nanofibers [ 27 , 31 – 34 , 38 ].…”

“…The cytotoxicity of nanofibers was performed as described by Ahire et al [ 34 ]. Briefly, breast epithelial cells (MCF-12A) were cultured in DMEM and Hams-F12 (1:1), supplemented with 10% FBS, 0.5 μg ml –1 hydrocortisone, 10 μg ml –1 insulin, 100 ng ml –1 cholera toxin and 1% (v/v) PenStrep.…”

Fosfomycin Addition to Poly(D,L-Lactide) Coating Does Not Affect Prophylaxis Efficacy in Rat Implant-Related Infection Model, But That of Gentamicin Does

“…A thin layer of PDL can be used as carrier of many kinds of bioactive agents due to its biodegradability [33–39]. It is highly biocompatible to bone tissue and does not interfere with bone healing processes [40,41].…”

The Investigation of the Effect of Neuraminidase on Biofilm Formation, Bacterial Adherence and Antibiotic Resistance of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Strains: An In-Vitro Study

“…Özellikle gram pozitif kokların etken olduğu yabancı cisim enfeksiyonlarında rifampisin ile kombine olarak kullanımının etkinliği bilinmektedir (31)(32)(33) . Florokinolonların gram negatif bakterilerde polisakkarid kapsül oluşumunu, biyofilm gelişimini ve adheransı azalttığı gösterilmiştir (30,34) . Buna karşılık koagülaz negatif stafilokokların biyofilm üreti-mini azalttığı yönünde sınırlı sayıda yayın mevcuttur ve bunlar adherans üzerine olan etkiyi ölçmemektedir (35)(36)(37) .…”