Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases‐C and D, key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, play an essential role in disease resistance in Arabidopsis

Tronchet, Maurice; Balagué, Claudine; Kroj, Thomas; Jouanin, Lise; Roby, Dominique

doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00578.x

Cited by 245 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Several studies have been reported on lignin accumulation in plants under biotic, abiotic stresses [6,29,31]. Based on previous studies it has been known that excess formation of H 2 O 2 will lead to activation of secondary defense responses in plants which will result in the lignification of cell walls, loss of cellular viability and growth [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of zinc oxide nanoparticles toxicity in root growth in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) seedlings

Prakash¹,

Chung²

2016

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) was studied in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under in vitro exposure conditions. To avoid precipitation of nanoparticles, the seedlings were grown in half strength semisolid Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 500 mg L -1 of ZnONPs. Analysis of zinc (Zn) content showed significant increase in roots. In vivo detection using fluorescent probe Zynpyr-1 indicated accumulation of Zn in primary and lateral root tips. All concentrations of ZnONPs significantly reduced root growth. However, significant decrease in shoot growth was observed only after exposure to 400 and 500 mg L -1 of ZnONPs. The reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels significantly increased in roots. Significant increase in cell-wall bound peroxidase activity was observed after exposure to 500 mg L -1 of ZnONPs. Histochemical staining with phloroglucinol-HCl showed lignification of root cells upon exposure to 500 mg L -1 of ZnONPs. Treatment with propidium iodide indicated loss of cell viability in root tips of wheat seedlings. These results suggest that redox imbalances, lignification and cell death has resulted in reduction of root growth in wheat seedlings exposed to ZnONPs nanoparticles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of zinc oxide nanoparticles toxicity in root growth in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) seedlings

Prakash¹,

Chung²

2016

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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“…Gene duplication in the land plants ancestor of CAD-like genes in Class II and III (such as PtCAD10 and AtCAD6) has been described previously . TgCAD1, a bona fide CAD, was grouped close to AtCAD4 and AtCAD5, and these genes from Arabidopsis participate in pathogen-infected tissues (Tronchet et al 2010). Several genes involved in lignin biosynthesis belong to Class II, such as OsCAD7 (Li et al 2009), AtCAD7 and AtCAD8 (Kim et al 2004) and PtCAD10 (Barakat et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase gene family in lignifying tissues of Tectona grandis L.f.

2018

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The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) enzyme catalyzes the last step of monolignols synthesis in the lignin pathway. Tectona grandis (teak) is a tropical tree with high valuable timber. As there is few genetic information about lignin formation in teak, the purpose of this study is to characterize members of CAD family in this species. As methodology, PCR amplification using cDNA samples, vector cloning, sequencing, bioinformatics analyses and gene expression studies using real time RTqPCR were performed. As results, four members (TgCAD1-TgCAD4) were obtained. Comparative analyses showed that all of them have conserved residues for catalytic zinc action, structural zinc ligation, NADPH binding and substrate specificity, consistent with the mechanism of alcohol dehydrogenases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TgCADs are present in three main classes and seven groups. Expression analyses revealed that TgCAD1 was highly expressed in leaves and could be related with pathogen defense. TgCAD2 was more expressed in branches and roots. Differently, TgCAD3 and TgCAD4 were highly expressed in juvenile and mature sapwood, suggesting a crucial role in wood development and lignin biosynthesis, with tissue-specialized expression profiles. Furthermore, TgCAD4 could be related with teak maturation for being more expressed in sapwood of mature teak trees. As conclusion, this work is the first to characterize genes of CAD family in Tectona grandis. These genes could be interesting to develop transgenic plants for basic research and field applications.

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“…This is particularly important as the plant cell wall is closely associated with plant defense [115,116]. Genes involving lignin biosynthesis have been found to play important roles in plant defense [117,118]. In Arabidopsis, members of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) gene family, one of the key genes in lignin biosynthesis, were induced by pathogen attack.…”

Section: Taking Feedstocks Through To Field Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Arabidopsis, members of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) gene family, one of the key genes in lignin biosynthesis, were induced by pathogen attack. Moreover, cad mutant lines displayed decreased resistance to pathogens [118]. In addition to differences in pathogen resistance, plants with modified cell walls can also have altered abiotic stress resistance.…”

Section: Taking Feedstocks Through To Field Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Glycosyl Hydrolases in Lignocellulosic Feedstock: An Alternative for Affordable Cellulosic Ethanol Production

2016

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Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic feedstock is a promising alternative to fossil fuels and corn-sourced ethanol. However, it creates unique challenges in terms of requirements for breakdown to fermentable sugars, including the need for pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of structural carbohydrates. Hydrolases from microorganisms are currently utilized for biomass hydrolysis in the production of lignocellulosic ethanol; however, expressing these hydrolases in lignocellulosic feedstock is a favorable alternative, due to the large availability of biomass and the potential for the feedstock to play a dual role as both biomass substrate and enzyme provider. This review summarizes recent achievements in hydrolytic enzyme expression in a variety of model plants and potential feedstocks, including strategies to improve enzyme yield and to prevent deleterious effects on plants hosts. We propose possible scenarios for utilizing enzyme-expressing transgenic feedstock and illustrate the potential benefits of using these crops for ethanol production. Furthermore, challenges are highlighted and potential solutions proposed to move the field forward to cost-comparable lignocellulosic ethanol.

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Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases‐C and D, key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, play an essential role in disease resistance in Arabidopsis

Cited by 245 publications

References 46 publications

Determination of zinc oxide nanoparticles toxicity in root growth in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) seedlings

Determination of zinc oxide nanoparticles toxicity in root growth in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) seedlings

Characterization of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase gene family in lignifying tissues of Tectona grandis L.f.

Expression of Glycosyl Hydrolases in Lignocellulosic Feedstock: An Alternative for Affordable Cellulosic Ethanol Production

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