Chronic pain in Parkinson's disease: Frequency, characteristics, independent factors, and relationship with health-related quality of life

Abstract

This study demonstrated that chronic pain is a common problem in patients with PD, that different pain types may co-exist, and that they may negatively affect the HRQoL of patients. Chronic pain was correlated with both disease-related factors such as rigidity and daily living activities and also general factors such as gender and depression. We found that chronic pain is the most significant predictor of quality of life in PD patients. We believe, that in addition to treating motor symptoms and complications associated with them, treatment of comorbid conditions such as pain and depression bear significance for improving the quality of life in PD patients. The study indicates that PD patients who are optimally treated, may require additional rehabilitation treatment for non-motor associated pain and thus improve their HRQoL.

The presence of depression and anxiety do not distinguish between functional jerks and cortical myoclonus

“…This might suggest that in the FJ group, there is a bidirectional relationship between anxiety/depression and myoclonus. Previous studies have shown that chronic pain negatively influences mood and quality of life [22]. However, in our cohort pain did not explain the relationship between anxiety/depression and myoclonus, as pain was not correlated to myoclonus severity.…”

Relationship of Nocturnal Sleep Dysfunction and Pain Subtypes in Parkinson's Disease

“…On the other hand, using the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS), the syndromic nature of pain has been formally subdivided into several patterns. Prior research has shown that the prevalence of pain is 68 to 81% in PD patients and that it can be manifested in several modalities, such as musculoskeletal (41–89%), dystonic (15–17%), radicular‐neuropathic (27–32%), and central pain (4–22%) . Furthermore, 35% of PD patients are affected by two types of pain, 10% by three, and 2% by four .…”

“…Prior research has shown that the prevalence of pain is 68 to 81% in PD patients [12][13][14] and that it can be manifested in several modalities, such as musculoskeletal (41-89%), dystonic (15-17%), radicular-neuropathic (27-32%), and central pain (4-22%). 2,12,[14][15][16][17][18] Furthermore, 35% of PD patients are affected by two types of pain, 10% by three, and 2% by four. 14 Pain can become crippling in a subset of PD patients, affect their ability to conduct activities of daily living (ADL), 13,19 and negatively impact their QoL.…”

A neurophysiological investigation of anticipation to pain in Parkinson's disease

“…Chronic pain is a highly prominent symptom in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), yet there is a limited understanding of whether the pain is primarily a consequence of motor impairment, including muscle rigidity, or whether Parkinson's disease (PD) causes a centrally produced heightened sensitivity to pain. Whilst the percentage of the general population living with chronic pain is approximately 20% (Breivik, Collett, Ventafridda, Cohen, & Gallacher, ; van Hecke, Torrance, & Smith, ), there is a significantly higher prevalence within the PD population of approximately two‐thirds (Nègre‐Pagès, Regragui, Bouhassira, Grandjean, & Rascol, ; Ozturk, Gundogdu, Kocer, Comoglu, & Cakci, ; Silverdale et al., ; Skogar & Lokk, ). There is evidence that PwPD have lower threshold and tolerance of pain compared to age‐matched healthy cohorts (Brefel‐Courbon et al., ; Chaudhuri & Schapira, ; Djaldetti et al., ; Schestatsky et al., ), and EEG and functional imaging studies have demonstrated an altered central response to pain in PD (Brefel‐Courbon et al., ; Schestatsky et al., ; Tinazzi et al., ).…”