Chronic High Fat Diet Induced Weight Gain, Hyperglycaemia and Cognitive Impairment in Albino Mice

Abstract

With the global rise in consumption of western diet, obesity is becoming a pandemic. High fat and high calorie diet (though more palatable) have been associated with a range of metabolic disorders. Oxidative stress and insulin resistance have a link to the dietary etiology of diabetes and obesity; on the other hand, neuroinflammation and abnormal brain insulin signaling is said to cause cognitive decline when high fat diet (HFD) is consumed. In this study, mice were fed a home-made HFD with a total energy content of 5340kcal/kg. The overall energy contribution of saturated and unsaturated fat was about 70%. Animals were divided into Group I and II of 5 mice each. Group I (control group) were fed normal chow and water ad libidum. Group II (test group) were fed HFD and water ad libidum. HFD significantly (p<0.05) increased the body weight of the test group (40 ±7.7) as compared to control (30 ± 2.9). Blood glucose levels in the test group was also significantly higher (111.6 ± 5.2) compared to the control (77.6 ± 8.7). Morris water maze escape latency in the test group was not significantly different (68 ± 26.3) compared to the control (72 ± 20.9). Similarly, the time spent in target quadrant in the test group was not significantly different (20.8 ± 10.9) compared to the control (15.8 ± 5.6). In the Y-maze the control group had a significantly higher (29.6 ± 3.5) percentage alternations compared to the test group (21 ± 13.1). It is obvious that the chronic administration of HFD in mice altered the body's metabolic processes as evident in the significant weight gain, hyperglycemia and cognitive deficit. These can be attributed to the oxidative damage, insulin dysregulation and pro-inflammatory potentials of HFD.

Brain activities of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats treated with gliclazide: Behavioural, biochemical and histomorphology studies

“…The groups allowed high fat diets (diabetic groups) had significantly higher blood glucose levels compared with the control and gliclazide groups. These differences in glucose level could be as a result of increased dietary intake (high fat diet), which often leads to obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, as previously reported ( Lang et al, 2019 , Abi et al, 2020 ). There were further significantly increased blood glucose levels in the diabetic groups after induction with streptozotocin compared with the control and gliclazide groups, an indication that streptozotocin exacerbates hyperglycaemia.…”

Effects of Helianthus annuus seeds on antioxidants, lipid profile and serum urea and creatinine in obesity induced rats using high fat diet

“…The total caloric value of the diet was about 5340kcal/kg of which energy contribution of fat was about 70%. The fat component comprises of 60% saturated fat and 40% unsaturated fat (Abi et al, 2018).…”

“…Preventive groups (3,4,5) and Curative groups (6,7,8) studies in animals were done concurrently for 6 weeks. Rats, were randomly assigned to 9 groups consisting of 3 each as follows:…”

“…These metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, are often associated with grave complications, with over 50% of individuals with diabetes succumbing to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), primarily heart diseases and strokes. Moreover, diabetes stands as a primary cause of end-stage renal diseases necessitating treatments like dialysis or kidney transplantation, and it is a leading cause of diabetic retinopathy, resulting in blindness (Mahammadi et al, 2015;Abi et al, 2018).…”

Rosuvastatin ameliorates anxiety but impairs skeletal muscle performance by malondialdehyde and calcium depletion in high fat diet-fed swiss albino mice

“…The adoption of high fat diet (HFD) for induction of obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in experimental animals (especially mice) is gaining traction in recent literatures (Li et al, 2020). Our previous studies revealed that chronic HFD administration can cause hyperglycemia, heightened anxiety and memory impairment in mice (Abi et al, 2020;. High fat diet causes these, by some proposed mechanisms, such as the promotion of proinflammatory markers like IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα; activation of toll-like receptors and activation of protein-C causing inhibition of insulin-PI3K-Akt signaling (Duan et al, 2018;Wali et al, 2020).…”