Chronic Exercise and Cognitive Function

Etnier, Jennifer L.; Chang, Yu‐Kai; Chen, Feng-Tzu

doi:10.1002/9781119568124.ch38

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Aerobic Exercise for different age groups studies have shown that aerobic exercise is effective for executive function in prepubertal teenagers and older adults (Ludyga et al, 2016). In addition, research has shown that both open and closed skill exercise and other exercise types (e.g., aerobic and resistance exercise) have the same positive effects on cognitive function (Etnier et al, 2020). Therefore, combinations of coordination exercises and cognitive demands (e.g., skill strategies) may result in greater benefits to cognition than either form of exercise alone (e.g., aerobic exercise, coordination exercises, or cognitive demands; Pesce, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tai Chi exercise improves working memory capacity and emotion regulation ability

2023

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PurposeThe study aimed to research the promoting effects of Tai Chi exercise on working memory capacity and emotional regulation ability among college students.MethodsFifty-five participants were recruited and randomly divided into the Tai Chi group and control group. The Tai Chi group had a 12-week Tai Chi training to implement intervention, while the control group performed non-cognitive traditional sports with the same exercise intensity as the Tai Chi group. The visual 2-back test of action pictures and the Geneva emotional picture system test were performed before and after the trial, which aimed to examine whether the action memory of Tai Chi training can improve individuals’ working memory capacity and emotion regulation ability.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, a significant difference was observed in Accuracy Rate (AR) (F = 54.89, p ≤ 0.001) and Response Time (RT) (F = 99.45, p ≤ 0.001) of individuals’ Visual Memory Capacity between the Tai Chi group and the control group. Significant effects in Time (F = 98.62, p ≤ 0.001), Group (F = 21.43, p ≤ 0.001), and Interaction (Groups × time; F = 50.81, p ≤ 0.001) on Accuracy Rate (AR) of the Visual Memory Capacity were observed. The same effect was observed again on the Response Time (RT) of the Visual Memory Capacity, Time (F = 67.21, p ≤ 0.001), Group (F = 45.68, p ≤ 0.001), Interaction (groups × time; F = 79.52, p ≤ 0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed that at the end of 12 weeks, the participants in the Tai Chi group had significantly higher Visual Memory Capacity than those in the control group (p < 0.05).After 12 weeks, valence difference (F = 11.49, p ≤ 0.001), arousal difference (F = 10.17, p ≤ 0.01), and dominance difference (F = 13.30, p ≤ 0.001) in the emotion response were significantly different between the control group and the Tai Chi group. The effect of valence differences in Time (F = 7.28, p < 0.01), Group (F = 4.16, p < 0.05), and Time*Group (F = 10.16, p < 0.01), respectively, was significant in the Tai Chi group after 12-week intervention. Post hoc analysis showed valence swings in the Tai Chi group were significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05); The effect of arousal difference in Time (F = 5.18, p < 0.05), Group (F = 7.26, p < 0.01), Time*Group (F = 4.23, p < 0.05), respectively, was significant in the Tai Chi group after 12-week intervention. Post hoc analysis showed arousal fluctuations in the Tai Chi group was significantly lower than that in the control group too (p < 0.01); As the same, the effect of dominance differences in Time (F = 7.92, p < 0.01), Group (F = 5.82 p < 0.05) and Time*Group (F = 10.26, p < 0.01), respectively was significant in the Tai Chi group. Dominance swings in the Tai Chi group were significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe data support our speculation that action memory training in Tai Chi exercise may improve individuals’ working memory capacity, and then improve their emotion regulation ability, which has provided insightful information for customized exercise programs for emotion regulation in adolescents. Thus, we suggest those adolescents who are experiencing volatile moods and poor emotion regulation attend regular Tai Chi classes, which could contribute to their emotional health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tai Chi exercise improves working memory capacity and emotion regulation ability

2023

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“…In addition, investigation of healthy young adults is especially important for resolving the debate on whether beneficial exercise effects are general or cognitive domain specific. Chronic exercise has a broad influence on various cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention, and inhibition ( Jonasson et al, 2017 ; Etnier et al, 2020 ; Nakagawa et al, 2020 ), and whether the benefits are general or specific to a narrow range of functions has long been of interest. Through systematic review and meta-analysis, Ludyga et al (2020) found that the effect size of long-term exercise on complex attention, executive function and memory do not differ significantly, supporting the general rather than cognitive domain-specific exercise effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with younger adults, older adults recruit more of the prefrontal cortex to perform various kinds of tasks ( Reuter-Lorenz and Cappell, 2008 ), such as location matching ( Grady et al, 1994 ), working memory, visual attention, and episodic retrieval tasks ( Cabeza et al, 2004 ). The prefrontal cortex of older adults is widely found to be enhanced by physical activity ( Jochem et al, 2017 ; Etnier et al, 2020 ; Ludyga et al, 2020 ). Therefore, it is not surprising to find support for the general effect in older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the widely used WM complex span tasks, participants need to maintain items in WM while performing distracting cognitive operations and to recall in the correct order of remembered items. The CSTs do not just involve the temporal maintenance and manipulation of information in the brain ( Jonasson et al, 2017 ; Etnier et al, 2020 ); they also involve multiple cognitive processes in the distracting task. For example, it involves math operations in Operation span CSTs tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural and behavioral evidence supporting the relationship between habitual exercise and working memory precision in healthy young adults

Yuan

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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IntroductionWorking memory (WM) is a well-known fundamental ability related to various high-level cognitive functions, such as executive functioning, decision-making, and problem-solving. Although previous studies have posited that chronic exercise may improve cognitive functions, its underlying neural mechanisms and whether habitual exercise is associated with individual WM ability remain unclear.MethodsIn the current study, 36 participants reported their habitual physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). In addition to assessments of intelligence quotient (IQ), WM storage capacity (K score), and visuomotor coordination capacity, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded while the participants performed a WM precision task fusing conventional visual and motor retrospective cue (retro-cue) WM tasks.ResultsWe found that greater amounts of and higher frequencies of vigorous-intensity exercise were highly correlated with smaller recall errors in the WM precision task. Contralateral delay activity (CDA), a well-known WM-related event-related potential (ERP) component evoked by the valid retro-cue, predicted individual behavioral recall error. Participants who met the medium or high level of IPAQ criteria (the regular exercise group) showed smaller behavioral recall error and larger CDA than participants who did not meet the criteria (the irregular exercise group). The two groups did not differ in other assessments, such as IQ, WM storage capacity, and visuomotor coordination ability.DiscussionHabitual exercise was specifically correlated with individual differences in WM precision, rather than IQ, WM storage capacity, and visuomotor coordination ability, suggesting potential mechanisms of how modulations of chronic exercise improve cognition through visual and/or motor WM precision.

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“…This editorial is a storytelling aimed to learn from the past "what's next" and how to move forward in research and praxis, trying to avoid just rehashing what has been done in the past with a "new edition of nothing new". Physical activity (PA) and cognition research has its origins half a century ago, with a mixed focus on the transient effects of a single PA bout and the longer-lasting effects of chronic PA participation on brain and cognition (Etnier et al, 2020;McMorris, 2016). Both lines of acute and chronic PAcognition research were 'adult-born'.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dar 'algo de alma' a la investigación sobre actividad física y cognición: enfoque en niños y adolescentes

Pesce

Ballester

Benzing

2021

EJHM

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Chronic Exercise and Cognitive Function

Cited by 4 publications

References 161 publications

Tai Chi exercise improves working memory capacity and emotion regulation ability

Tai Chi exercise improves working memory capacity and emotion regulation ability

Neural and behavioral evidence supporting the relationship between habitual exercise and working memory precision in healthy young adults

Dar 'algo de alma' a la investigación sobre actividad física y cognición: enfoque en niños y adolescentes

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