Chromosome numbers of the flora of Germany—a new online database of georeferenced chromosome counts and flow cytometric ploidy estimates

Paule, Juraj; Gregor, Thomas; Schmidt, Marco; Gerstner, Eva-Maria; Dersch, Günther; Dreßler, Stefan; Wesche, Karsten; Zizka, Georg

doi:10.1007/s00606-016-1362-y

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results of the extensive flow cytometric screening of genome size and chromosome counting presented here support previous chromosome number reports (Kučera et al, 2005;Paule et al, 2017;Marhold et al, 2018) and describe the distribution patterns of ploidy levels and cytotypes in great detail. They underscore the extraordinarily large cytotypic variation within the C. pratensis complex in Central Europe, present both among and within the species.…”

Section: Patterns and Sources Of High Cytotypic And Genome Size Variasupporting

confidence: 90%

So Closely Related and Yet So Different: Strong Contrasts Between the Evolutionary Histories of Species of the Cardamine pratensis Polyploid Complex in Central Europe

et al. 2020

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Recurrent polyploid formation and weak reproductive barriers between independent polyploid lineages generate intricate species complexes with high diversity and reticulate evolutionary history. Uncovering the evolutionary processes that formed their present-day cytotypic and genetic structure is a challenging task. We studied the species complex of Cardamine pratensis, composed of diploid endemics in the European Mediterranean and diploid-polyploid lineages more widely distributed across Europe, focusing on the poorly understood variation in Central Europe. To elucidate the evolution of Central European populations we analyzed ploidy level and genome size variation, genetic patterns inferred from microsatellite markers and target enrichment of low-copy nuclear genes (Hyb-Seq), and environmental niche differentiation. We observed almost continuous variation in chromosome numbers and genome size in C. pratensis s.str., which is caused by the co-occurrence of euploid and dysploid cytotypes, along with aneuploids, and is likely accompanied by inter-cytotype mating. We inferred that the polyploid cytotypes of C. pratensis s.str. are both of single and multiple, spatially and temporally recurrent origins. The tetraploid Cardamine majovskyi evolved at least twice in different regions by autopolyploidy from diploid Cardamine matthioli. The extensive genome size and genetic variation of Cardamine rivularis reflects differentiation induced by the geographic isolation of disjunct populations, establishment of triploids of different origins, and hybridization with sympatric C. matthioli. Geographically structured genetic lineages identified in the species under study, which are also ecologically divergent, are interpreted as descendants from different source populations in multiple glacial refugia. The postglacial range expansion was accompanied by substantial genetic admixture between the lineages of C. pratensis s.str., which is reflected by diffuse borders in their contact zones. In conclusion, we identified an interplay of diverse processes that have driven the evolution of the species studied, including allopatric and ecological divergence, hybridization, multiple polyploid origins, and genetic reshuffling caused by Pleistocene climate-induced range dynamics.

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Section: Patterns and Sources Of High Cytotypic And Genome Size Variasupporting

confidence: 90%

So Closely Related and Yet So Different: Strong Contrasts Between the Evolutionary Histories of Species of the Cardamine pratensis Polyploid Complex in Central Europe

et al. 2020

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“…The tetraploid P. fusca was found in the Krkonoše Mts., the Czech Republic (Krahulcová et al 2013), similarly to the tetraploid apomictic P. blyttiana (Krahulcová et al 2001). The ploidy level in the wild hybrids of P. lactucella and P. aurantiaca has also been reported from other countries in Central Europe, namely, from Poland (tetraploid and hexaploid hybrids, Skalińska 1967), Germany (triploid P. blyttiana, both the tetraploid and pentaploid P. fusca, Paule et al 2017) and Austria (triploid P. blyttiana, Schuhwerk & Lippert 2002).…”

Section: Pilosella Schultesii [P Lactucella − P Officinarum]supporting

confidence: 52%

“…The sexual tetraploids dominate in Slovakia and Hungary, whereas the apomictic pentaploids prevail in the Czech Republic and Germany (Rotreklová 2004;Rotreklová et al 2005;Marhold et al 2007;Paule et al 2017). The apomictic hexaploids were less frequently found in the Czech Republic and Germany and only rarely in Slovakia (Rotreklová 2004;Paule et al 2017). Heptaploid Pilosella bauhini was rarely recorded in the Czech Republic (Krahulcová et al 2009).…”

Section: Basic Species Pilosella Bauhinimentioning

confidence: 99%

Ploidy level and breeding system in some populations of Pilosella (Asteraceae) in eastern and southern Slovakia

Krahulcová¹,

Krahulec²

2020

TJB

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The ploidy level/breeding system was determined in following species and hybrids originating from populations of the agamic polyploid complex of Pilosella in Slovakia: P. bauhini (either sexual tetraploids or apomictic pentaploids), P. hoppeana subsp. testimonialis, P. lactucella, P. onegensis (all three taxa diploid and so supposedly sexual), P. officinarum (pentaploids, hexaploids and octoploids, all cytotypes apomictic), P. glomerata (one pentaploid, another plant hexaploid and apomictic), P. macrostolona (apomictic hexaploids), P. schultesii, (mostly tetraploid, one plant an apomictic pentaploid), P. lactucella × P. onegensis (diploid and sexual), P. lactucella × P. aurantiaca (triploid and apomictic) and P. bauhini × P. officinarum (both sexual and apomictic tetraploids, apomictic pentaploids and apomictic hexaploids). The paper provides two karyological novelties in Pilosella: (a) A new hexaploid cytotype was revealed in Pilosella glomerata; (b) The octoploid apomictic and monoclonal plants of Pilosella officinarum were grown from seeds suggesting an occurrence of fruiting octoploid maternal plant(s). Such a cytotype would represent a new highest ploidy level detected in P. officinarum in the field. The cytotypes that were attributed both to P. officinarum and to the hybrids of P. bauhini and P. officinarum differed in a within-population clonal diversity. This effect could result from a different impact of (residual) sexuality and/or a different rate of origin of particular hybrid cytotypes. All findings presented in the paper are compared with published data on Pilosella species that refer preferentially to Slovakia, but also to a broader area in Central Europe.

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“…In addition, pollen size was shown to be influenced by nutrient treatments (Young & Stanton, 1990) or ploidy in several plant species (Altmann et al ., 1994; Katsiotis & Forsberg, 1995; Srisuwan et al ., 2019). Pollen size is also an indicator of ploidy, which has major relevance for plant physiology and plant distributions (Paule et al ., 2017). Some of the differences in pollen size observed for our species and the literature might have been caused by varying ploidy, for example for the plant species Campanula rotundifolia (Laanei et al ., 1983) and Leucanthemum vulgare (Marchi et al ., 1983) for which different ploidy was described previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry and deep learning

et al. 2020

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Pollen identification and quantification are crucial but challenging tasks in addressing a variety of evolutionary and ecological questions (pollination, paleobotany), but also for other fields of research (e.g. allergology, honey analysis or forensics). Researchers are exploring alternative methods to automate these tasks but, for several reasons, manual microscopy is still the gold standard. In this study, we present a new method for pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry in combination with deep learning. We demonstrate that our method allows fast measurement while delivering high accuracy pollen identification. A dataset of 426 876 images depicting pollen from 35 plant species was used to train a convolutional neural network classifier. We found the best-performing classifier to yield a species-averaged accuracy of 96%. Even species that are difficult to differentiate using microscopy could be clearly separated. Our approach also allows a detailed determination of morphological pollen traits, such as size, symmetry or structure. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest phylogenetic conservatism in some of these traits. Given a comprehensive pollen reference database, we provide a powerful tool to be used in any pollen study with a need for rapid and accurate species identification, pollen grain quantification and trait extraction of recent pollen.

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Chromosome numbers of the flora of Germany—a new online database of georeferenced chromosome counts and flow cytometric ploidy estimates

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

So Closely Related and Yet So Different: Strong Contrasts Between the Evolutionary Histories of Species of the Cardamine pratensis Polyploid Complex in Central Europe

So Closely Related and Yet So Different: Strong Contrasts Between the Evolutionary Histories of Species of the Cardamine pratensis Polyploid Complex in Central Europe

Ploidy level and breeding system in some populations of Pilosella (Asteraceae) in eastern and southern Slovakia

Pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry and deep learning

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