Choleresis and increased biliary efflux of glutathione induced by phenolic antioxidants in rats

Rapid determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione levels using a new thiol-masking reagent and the enzymatic recycling method: application to the rat liver and bile samples

“…In addition to the liver tissue, the biliary levels of GSH and GSSG have also been used for determination of the redox status of the liver [1,[21][22][23][24]. In contrast to the liver data (Table 3), GSSG constituted a substantial portion (20-30%) of the total glutathione in the bile of the sham-operated rat (Figure 6, middle).…”

Rapid determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione levels using a new thiol-masking reagent and the enzymatic recycling method: application to the rat liver and bile samples

“…In addition to the liver tissue, the biliary levels of GSH and GSSG have also been used for determination of the redox status of the liver [1,[21][22][23][24]. In contrast to the liver data (Table 3), GSSG constituted a substantial portion (20-30%) of the total glutathione in the bile of the sham-operated rat (Figure 6, middle).…”

Bardoxolone methyl analogs RTA 405 and dh404 are well tolerated and exhibit efficacy in rodent models of Type 2 diabetes and obesity

“…For instance, ZDF rats demonstrate marked hepatic changes, including severe hepatic steatosis, increased liver triglyceride content, and dramatic increases in liver cholesterol (26). A robust body of evidence demonstrates the fundamental role of Nrf2 activation in the liver; engagement of Nrf2 facilitates glutathione export in bile, resulting in increased bile flow (3,7,12,23). It is reasonable that, in a model in which such severe hepatic impairment is present, administration of triterpenoids, which necessitate the ability to manage increased bile flow, could result in toxicity such as described by Zoja and colleagues.…”

Antioxidant and Choleretic Properties ofRaphanus sativusL. Sprout (Kaiware Daikon) Extract

“…Antioxidant activity plays a basic role in many cases in the pharmacological effects of plant extracts (), and growing evidence links antioxidant plant extracts and their phenolic content to choleretic effects ( , ). Our results showing both antioxidant and choleretic properties of KDE seem to support, at least in part, such a relationship.…”

“…Indeed, the FC method was very recently recommended to quantify the reducing capacity ( , ). Because choleretic properties of different plant extracts have been related to their content in phenolics ( , ), the second part of our investigation was to evaluate the effect of KDE on bile flow after single or multiple administrations in rats.…”

Rapid determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione levels using a new thiol-masking reagent and the enzymatic recycling method: application to the rat liver and bile samples

“…In addition to the liver tissue, the biliary levels of GSH and GSSG have also been used for determination of the redox status of the liver [1,[21][22][23][24]. In contrast to the liver data (Table 3), GSSG constituted a substantial portion (20-30%) of the total glutathione in the bile of the sham-operated rat (Figure 6, middle).…”

Bardoxolone methyl analogs RTA 405 and dh404 are well tolerated and exhibit efficacy in rodent models of Type 2 diabetes and obesity

“…For instance, ZDF rats demonstrate marked hepatic changes, including severe hepatic steatosis, increased liver triglyceride content, and dramatic increases in liver cholesterol (26). A robust body of evidence demonstrates the fundamental role of Nrf2 activation in the liver; engagement of Nrf2 facilitates glutathione export in bile, resulting in increased bile flow (3,7,12,23). It is reasonable that, in a model in which such severe hepatic impairment is present, administration of triterpenoids, which necessitate the ability to manage increased bile flow, could result in toxicity such as described by Zoja and colleagues.…”

Antioxidant and Choleretic Properties ofRaphanus sativusL. Sprout (Kaiware Daikon) Extract

“…Antioxidant activity plays a basic role in many cases in the pharmacological effects of plant extracts (), and growing evidence links antioxidant plant extracts and their phenolic content to choleretic effects ( , ). Our results showing both antioxidant and choleretic properties of KDE seem to support, at least in part, such a relationship.…”

“…Indeed, the FC method was very recently recommended to quantify the reducing capacity ( , ). Because choleretic properties of different plant extracts have been related to their content in phenolics ( , ), the second part of our investigation was to evaluate the effect of KDE on bile flow after single or multiple administrations in rats.…”

Rapid determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione levels using a new thiol-masking reagent and the enzymatic recycling method: application to the rat liver and bile samples

“…In addition to the liver tissue, the biliary levels of GSH and GSSG have also been used for determination of the redox status of the liver [1,[21][22][23][24]. In contrast to the liver data (Table 3), GSSG constituted a substantial portion (20-30%) of the total glutathione in the bile of the sham-operated rat (Figure 6, middle).…”

Bardoxolone methyl analogs RTA 405 and dh404 are well tolerated and exhibit efficacy in rodent models of Type 2 diabetes and obesity

“…For instance, ZDF rats demonstrate marked hepatic changes, including severe hepatic steatosis, increased liver triglyceride content, and dramatic increases in liver cholesterol (26). A robust body of evidence demonstrates the fundamental role of Nrf2 activation in the liver; engagement of Nrf2 facilitates glutathione export in bile, resulting in increased bile flow (3,7,12,23). It is reasonable that, in a model in which such severe hepatic impairment is present, administration of triterpenoids, which necessitate the ability to manage increased bile flow, could result in toxicity such as described by Zoja and colleagues.…”

Antioxidant and Choleretic Properties ofRaphanus sativusL. Sprout (Kaiware Daikon) Extract

“…Antioxidant activity plays a basic role in many cases in the pharmacological effects of plant extracts (), and growing evidence links antioxidant plant extracts and their phenolic content to choleretic effects ( , ). Our results showing both antioxidant and choleretic properties of KDE seem to support, at least in part, such a relationship.…”

“…Indeed, the FC method was very recently recommended to quantify the reducing capacity ( , ). Because choleretic properties of different plant extracts have been related to their content in phenolics ( , ), the second part of our investigation was to evaluate the effect of KDE on bile flow after single or multiple administrations in rats.…”