Cholera outbreak amidst an economic crisis and Covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan

Tabassum, Shehroze; Naeem, Aroma; Iqbal, Haris; Mukherjee, Dattatreya

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104374

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“… 37 There is also a high risk of the emergence of a Congo fever outbreak yet again in Pakistan in the flood‐affected areas due to contact with the blood and body fluids of affected livestock which will make the situation worse for flood‐affected people and overburden the healthcare system. 37 Since the outbreak of cholera 38 and N. fowleri 39 has already been recorded in Pakistan in this year, authorities are worried about another Congo fever outbreak amidst these floods.…”

Section: Congo Fever In the Context Of Recent Floods In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Pakistan, 2022: A warning bell amidst unprecedented floods and COVID 19 pandemic

Tabassum

Naeem

Khan

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an infection caused by a tick‐borne virus (genus: Nairovirus, family: Bunyaviridae). The most important vector for CCHF is the ixodid tick. Along with tick bite, direct contact with the virus‐affected animal is responsible for its spread. Pakistan witnessed its first case of CCHF in 1976 and has been a major victim of CCHF for years, but spikes in cases are seen after Eid‐ul‐Adha, an Islamic festival involving the sacrifice of cattle. The disease, in particular, is common among butchers, veterinarians, and livestock workers. From the start of this year till June 22, 2022, a total of four cases have been reported across the country. Pakistan faces major challenges in combating CCHF every year due to its specific geographical position and a majority of the population being involved with animal husbandry. There is no approved vaccine for its prevention. All these factors contribute to the burden on the already weakened healthcare system of Pakistan. Strict actions should be taken to contain the spread of the disease. The need of the hour is to engage the general population, raise awareness, and develop policies to ensure disease surveillance. This should be accompanied by fostering collaboration among animal and human health departments for efficient communication and early intervention. The focus should be on medical research to find an efficacious treatment and prophylaxis for the CCHF virus, which will be the cornerstone of future CCHF prevention and control strategies.

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Section: Congo Fever In the Context Of Recent Floods In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Pakistan, 2022: A warning bell amidst unprecedented floods and COVID 19 pandemic

Tabassum

Naeem

Khan

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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“…The incidence of dengue infection in Pakistan appears to be directly correlated with the amount of precipitation, and dengue infections were most prevalent in the areas that experienced flooding 21 . Pakistan is already afflicted with waterborne disease outbreaks recently 22 , 23 ; the present dengue situation, exacerbated by floods, can prove a threat to Pakistan’s public health and safety.…”

Section: Massive Floods Aggravating the Dengue Situation In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Year-round dengue fever in Pakistan, highlighting the surge amidst ongoing flood havoc and the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review

Tabassum

Naeem

Nazir

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Dengue fever (DF) is an arthropod-borne viral infection caused by four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1–4) transmitted to the host by the vector mosquito Aedes , which causes fever, vomiting, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, and a distinctive itching and skin rash, ultimately leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The first case of DF in Pakistan was documented in 1994, but outbreak patterns began in 2005. As of 20 August 2022, Pakistan has 875 confirmed cases, raising alarming concerns. Misdiagnosis due to mutual symptoms, lack of an effective vaccine, the weakened and overburdened health system of Pakistan, irrational urbanization, climate change in Pakistan, insufficient waste management system, and a lack of awareness are the significant challenges Pakistan faces and result in recurrent dengue outbreaks every year. The recent flood in Pakistan has caused massive destruction, and stagnant dirty water has facilitated mosquito breeding. Sanitization and spraying, proper waste management, an adequate and advanced diagnostic system, control of population size, public awareness, and promotion of medical research and global collaboration, especially amidst flood devastation, are recommended to combat this deadly infection in Pakistan. This article aims to comprehensively review the year-round DF in Pakistan, highlighting the surge amidst ongoing flood havoc and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

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“…The dengue virus has four distinct serotypes (DENV 1-4). Long-lasting immunity to the homologous serotype is provided by an infection with one serotype, but not by others [31] . All serotypes of Dengue Fever are widely distributed across Pakistan, where the disease is endemic and reinfection is a possibility [31] .…”

Section: Risk Factors and Vulnerable Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-lasting immunity to the homologous serotype is provided by an infection with one serotype, but not by others [31] . All serotypes of Dengue Fever are widely distributed across Pakistan, where the disease is endemic and reinfection is a possibility [31] . People are more likely to acquire severe dengue that necessitates hospital stays as a result of secondary infections [31] .…”

Section: Risk Factors and Vulnerable Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito-borne diseases in Pakistan: challenges, strategies, and future prospects

Fatima,

Habib,

Khan

et al. 2023

International Journal of Surgery: Global Health

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Mosquito-borne diseases, notably malaria and dengue, present substantial health concerns in Pakistan, necessitating urgent and evidence-based strategies for prevention. The epidemiology of these diseases is influenced by climate change, inadequate vector control, and socioeconomic factors. Aedes mosquitoes are the primary vectors for dengue, while Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria. Vulnerable populations, including those in poverty-stricken areas, face higher risks. Prevention strategies encompass vector control, vaccinations, health education, and community engagement. Government initiatives emphasize healthcare infrastructure, community involvement, and inter-departmental coordination. However, challenges such as climate impact, urbanization, and public awareness gaps persist. Overcoming these challenges requires a multidimensional approach and sustained efforts to curb the spread of mosquito-borne diseases in Pakistan.

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Cholera outbreak amidst an economic crisis and Covid-19 pandemic in Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Pakistan, 2022: A warning bell amidst unprecedented floods and COVID 19 pandemic

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Pakistan, 2022: A warning bell amidst unprecedented floods and COVID 19 pandemic

Year-round dengue fever in Pakistan, highlighting the surge amidst ongoing flood havoc and the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review

Mosquito-borne diseases in Pakistan: challenges, strategies, and future prospects

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