Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis in children; risk factors for development

Abstract

PurposeTo compare anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI]) in patients without lithiasis to patients with symptomatic simple cholelithiasis or choledocholithiasis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from 147 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2001–2015. Complete growth data from 98 patients was compared with anthropometric data from the population of the Czech Republic and a control group (BMI of 100 consecutive patients without biliary stones in abdominal ultrasound who were admitted to a surgical department for suspected appendicitis).ResultsThe BMI of 75 children with simple cholelithiasis and 23 with choledocholithiasis was compared to the standard Czech pediatric population and to the control group. The median age (simple cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis) was 16 years, and 35 patients (24%) had a family history of gallstones. Types of lithiasis included multiple (n = 120), solitary (n = 11), and sludge (n = 10). Five cases had polyps and one had gallbladder dysplasia. Patients with simple cholelithiasis had significantly higher BMI compared to the control group without cholelithiasis (p<0.0001) and the standard Czech population (p = 0.03). Patients with choledocholithiasis had a mean BMI significantly higher than that of the general population (p = 0.001) and the control group (p = 0.0001). Patients with choledocholithiasis had significantly higher BMI than those with simple cholelithiasis (p = 0.03).ConclusionPatients with cholelithiasis had significantly higher BMI than the general population, and patients with choledocholithiasis had significantly higher BMI than patients with simple lithiasis. Elevated BMI is a risk factor for developing choledocholithiasis. ERCP and early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with choledocholithiasis offer equivalent outcomes in patients with simple cholelithiasis.

BMI&nbsp;is an Independent Risk Factor for New-onset Asymptomatic Gallbladder Stone Disease in Overweight Population: A Case-control Study in Northwest China

“…In this case-control study, control cases were matched for blood pressure, serum cholesterol, age and gender, and positive associations of overweight and obesity with asymptomatic GSD were obtained, as recently described [14,23,24]. In the present study, we con rmed that obese individuals had a higher rate of GSD compared with controls.…”

Biliary Tract Disease in Girls and Young Women With Rett Syndrome

“…In one report, 55% of patients were overweight, obese, or severely obese (15). A positive family history has been reported in as many as 53% of patients with cholelithiasis (13,18,19,22). However, no risk factors have been identified in some studies (12,14,(17)(18)(19).…”

Risk Factors of Cholelithiasis Unrelated to Hematological Disorders in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy

“…In the series, the authors took into consideration the cholecystectomies performed in patients with cholelithiasis unrelated to hemolytic diseases in order to analyze the predisposing factors and the results of the surgical treatment. It is quite evident that the two most important factors are familiarity and obesity as reported in the literature [ 2 , 8 ]. The use of lithogenic drugs or parenteral nutrition is less important, although they are influential factors.…”