Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma. Molecular forms, responses to feeding, and relationship to gallbladder contraction.

Liddle, Rodger A.; Goldfine, Ira D.; Rosen, Matthew S.; Taplitz, Randy; Williams, John A.

doi:10.1172/jci111809

Cited by 675 publications

(369 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Sweet whey suppresses FI more than casein at 60 min; 25,26,34,35 and GMP stimulates cholecystokinin, a gastrointestinal hormone known to suppress short-term FI. [34][35][36] However, no differences in the effect of the source were found, suggesting that the presence or absence of GMP in whey preloads did not influence the effect of whey protein on satiety or FI at a test meal in agreement with previous reports. 37,38 Blood glucose concentrations were measured because they associate with satiety and food intake 1 and may have been affected by an insulinotropic effect of gelatin, 30 or by different absorption rates of the liquid and solid sugars, thus confounding interpretation of results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of drinking compared with eating sugars or whey protein on short-term appetite and food intake

2010

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Background: It is hypothesized that a solid form of food or food components suppresses subjective appetite and short-term food intake (FI) more than a liquid form. Objective: To compare the effect of eating solid vs drinking liquid forms of gelatin, sucrose and its component mixtures, and whey protein, on subjective appetite and FI in young men. Design and subjects: A randomized crossover design was used in three experiments in which the subjects were healthy males of normal weight. Solid and liquid forms of gelatin (6 g) (experiment 1, n ¼ 14), sucrose (75 g) and a mixture of 50% glucose/50% fructose (G50:F50) (experiment 2, n ¼ 15), and acid and sweet whey protein (50 g) (experiment 3, n ¼ 14) were compared. The controls were water (experiments 1 and 3) and calorie-free sweetened water with gelatin (sweet gelatin, experiment 1) or calorie-free sweetened water (sweet control, experiment 2). Subjective average appetite was measured by visual analog scales over 1 h and ad libitum FI was measured 1 h after treatment consumption. Results: Average appetite area under the curve was not different between solid and liquid forms of sugars, but was larger, indicating greater satiety for solid compared with liquid forms of gelatin and sweet, but not acid whey protein. The FI was not different from that of control because of solid or liquid sugars or gelatin treatments. However, both solid and liquid forms of whey protein, with no difference among them, suppressed FI compared with control (Po0.05). Conclusion: Macronutrient composition is more important than physical state of foods in determining subjective appetite and FI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of drinking compared with eating sugars or whey protein on short-term appetite and food intake

2010

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“…In support of this proposal is the observation that stable expression of the rat CCK cDNA in At-T20 cells, which express PC1 but not PC2, results in the synthesis and regulated secretion of large amounts of amidated CCK 8. 2 The comparative sparing of CCK 22 suggests that PC1 is necessary for the formation of CCK 8 but not for CCK 22. Furthermore, the depletion of CCK 8 selectively demonstrates that the effect of antisense is specific for CCK 8 and is not the result of decreased production of pro-CCK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is released from the intestine following the ingestion of food and causes the contraction of the gall bladder and the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas (1,2). Like other gut peptides, CCK also serves as a neuropeptide, and next to neuropeptide Y (3), is the most abundant and is widely distributed in most areas of the brain (4 -6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prohormone Convertase 1 Is Necessary for the Formation of Cholecystokinin 8 in Rin5F and STC-1 Cells

Yoon

Beinfeld

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…In response to the intraluminal intestinal presence of nutrient digestive products, plasma CCK levels rise rapidly, peaking within a few minutes of meal initiation, remaining elevated through the meal and declining to baseline levels with meal termination. 13 Exogenously administered CCK inhibits food intake by reducing meal size and duration. Meal contingent CCK administration reduces the size of that meal without affecting the subsequent intermeal interval or the size of the following meal.…”

Section: Within-meal Satiety Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut peptides in the control of food intake

Moran

2009

Int J Obes

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Multiple gut peptides are involved in the overall control of food intake. Plasma levels of gut peptides are differentially affected by food intake, and the different patterns of release around meals provides an indication of a peptide's specific role in feeding control. Ghrelin is a gastric peptide whose plasma levels are high before meals and are suppressed in response to food intake. Consistent with this pattern, ghrelin has been shown to stimulate food intake by hastening meal initiations. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released from upper intestinal sites in response to food intake. CCK inhibits eating in a manner consistent with a role in satiety. Pancreatic glucagon and amylin play similar roles in meal termination. In contrast, the lower gut peptides, peptide YY (3-36) and glucagon-like peptide 1, are released more slowly in response to food intake and levels remain elevated for hours after a meal. This pattern of release suggests effects across multiple meals, and these peptides have been shown to inhibit food intake by both decreasing meal size and increasing the satiating potency of consumed nutrients. Together, these actions indicate multiple roles for gut peptides in feeding control.

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Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma. Molecular forms, responses to feeding, and relationship to gallbladder contraction.

Cited by 675 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of drinking compared with eating sugars or whey protein on short-term appetite and food intake

Effect of drinking compared with eating sugars or whey protein on short-term appetite and food intake

Prohormone Convertase 1 Is Necessary for the Formation of Cholecystokinin 8 in Rin5F and STC-1 Cells

Gut peptides in the control of food intake

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