Chloroplast gene sequence for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphatecarboxylase of maize

McIntosh, Lee; Poulsen, Carsten Stig; Bogorad, Lawrence

doi:10.1038/288556a0

Cited by 307 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…There Development of these bundles (7,25). are no AT-rich sequences within the amino acid coding region Drmediate vascular bundles is observed ofthe LSu structural gene (19). There are, however, two oligo(A) ;.0 cm from the leaf base, while many sequences in the region 3' to the coding region that could be ular bundles are visible between the responsible for the observed binding to oligo(dT) cellulose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthetic Gene Expression and Cellular Differentiation in Developing Maize Leaves

Martineau¹,

Taylor²

1985

Plant Physiol.

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We have exploited the positional gradient of cellular differentiation in Zea mays leaves to study the accumulation of mRNAs encoding subunits ofthe two COrfixing enzymes and the major chlorophyll-binding protein. These multi-step scheme of CO2 fixation called C4 photosynthesis. PEPCase3, the enzyme responsible for initially fixing the atmospheric CO2 in maize, is found only in mesophyll cells (22). The four-carbon acid resulting from this reaction is shuttled to bundle sheath cells where it is decarboxylated, supplying CO2 to carry out the reductive pentose phosphate cycle, the initial product of which is a three-carbon compound, as in C3 plants (4). RuBPCase is found only in the chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells (12). This compartmentalization of the carboxylases confers photosynthetic advantage to C4 plants under conditions of high temperature and light intensity (11). In addition to these enzymic differences between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of C4 plants, there are differences in the chloroplast membrane proteins of the two cell types. Membrane proteins from maize mesophyll cell chloroplasts are essentially identical to those of several C3 plants, containing polypeptides responsible for the light-harvesting and energy-transduction reactions of photosynthesis (2). The bundle sheath cell chloroplasts, however, contain little if any of the PSII protein complex and its associated LHCP (1; Schuster G, I Ohad, B Martineau, WC Taylor, unpublished). We have outlined the patterns of mRNA accumulation for four of the compartmentalized polypeptides related to C4 photosynthesis by using hybridization with DNA probes to measure accumulation of RuBPCase (LSu and SSu), PEPCase, and LHCP mRNAs in cells of increasing age and stage of differentiation. We compare our patterns of mRNA accumulation for these proteins to the patterns of their polypeptide accumulation established by Mayfield and Taylor (17) in a similar study. We have monitored leaf morphological development by using a cytological marker to indicate fully differentiated vascular bundles, again taking advantage of the gradient of cellular development in the young leaves we have chosen to study.MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material. Seeds from an inbred line of Zea mays (B73, a gift of Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, IA) were planted in a 2:1 mixture of soil and sand, covered with 2 cm of vermiculite, and germinated and grown in a growth chamber. Periods of 16 h light (4 x 104 lux) and 8 h dark, at 25°C, were used. Plants were harvested 10 to 14 d after germination when the third leaf to emerge from the coleoptile was 12 to 16 cm long. A third leaf of this age has not yet developed a ligule, the structure which delineates the leaf blade from its sheath. The coleoptile and first and second leaves were removed from each plant. The third leaf was cut at points 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm from the leaf base. The six resulting leaf segments, representing populations of cells of the same relative age and stage of differentiation, were separated and...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ins at 5.0 cm from the base (Fig. Id) (19). To our knowln the leaf base, but dramatic increases edge, the 3' end of the maize RuBPCase LSu transcript has not se mRNAs do not occur until 2 to 4 been determined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Gene Expression and Cellular Differentiation in Developing Maize Leaves

Martineau¹,

Taylor²

1985

Plant Physiol.

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“…Methylation of specific sequences was associated with reduced steady-state transcript levels, lack of transcription in run-on assays, and absence of template activity in run-off in vitro transcription reactions with E. coli or sycamore chloroplast RNA polymerases (13,20). In a previous study of maize (19), methylation of mesophyll chloroplast DNA was not detected for the 16S rRNA gene, but was detected at a 5'CCAGG3' sequence located 275 bp 3' from the translation start site of rbcL (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastid DNA in Developing Maize Endosperm

McCullough¹,

Kangasjärvi²,

Gengenbach³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

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Amyloplasts in storage organs such as maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm are plastid-derived, nonphotosynthetic, starch-accumulating organelles. This study was initiated to characterize the plastid genome in maize endosperm cells containing differentiated amyloplasts and to determine whether plastid genes are transcribed during the period of amyloplast biogenesis in endosperm development. Four cosmid clones representing the total sequence diversity of the maize plastid genome were hybridized to restriction digests of total cellular DNA from isolated 16-day-old endosperms. The In contrast to chloroplasts, less is known about the molecular controls involved in development of nongreen plastids. Although synthesis of most plastid components is controlled by nuclear genes, plastids contain an independent genome and synthesize proteins (34). The genes for many of these plastid proteins have been mapped to the plastid genome. In addition, the plastid genomes of liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been shown to contain about 40 other ORFs4 (10, 23, 30), which suggests that plastid genomes could encode yet unidentified functions, some of which might be specific to nongreen plastids.This study was initiated to obtain information about the role of the plastid genome in the molecular events controlling differentiation of amyloplasts during the development of maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm tissue. Maize endosperm amyloplasts differentiate from proplastids rather than from another differentiated plastid type, such as conversion from chloroplasts, which can occur in other plant tissues and organs. Hence, the time course of amyloplast development in endosperm can be followed directly from proplastids. Visually detectable differentiation of maize endosperm amyloplasts begins about 8 to 10 DAP (17) and proceeds until the average endosperm cell contains approximately 200 to 400 amyloplasts, each with a single starch granule.To serve as the basis for further comparisons, our initial objective was to establish that the genome organization of plastids in developing maize endosperm was the same as for maize leaf chloroplasts. Based on restriction endonuclease digestion patterns, amyloplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm (2) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) suspension cells (22), as well as the pigmented chromoplasts of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) (11,15,20), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit (7), and daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) flowers (32) contain genomes indistinguishable from the respective chloroplast genomes.We also examined the steady-state accumulation of plastid transcripts in maize endosperm tissue versus leaves because such information was not available for cereal endosperm amyloplasts and we were interested in determining whether endosperm-specific transcripts or transcript accumulation patterns could be identified. In most studies of transcription

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“…The cloned fragments were employed both in coupled transcriptiontranslation assays and for hybrid-selection of mRNAs followed by in vitro translations to identify the structural genes for the following chloroplast polypeptides: The large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) (32,54), ATP synthetase CF~ subunit ct (atpA) (50), subunit [3 and subunit 8 (atpB/atpE) (27,53), cytochrome f (pet) and the subunitIII of ATP synthetase CF 0 (atpH) (21), and one light inducible 32,000 dalton thylakoid protein (psbA) (6). The nucleotide sequences for several of these genes have been or are currently being established (42,55).…”

Section: Introducrlonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The barley chloroplast genome: Physical structure and transcriptional activity in vivo

Poulsen

1983

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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Keywords: Chloroplast DNA, restriction endonucleases, the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, chloroplast RNA, formaldehyde agarose gels, Northern blotting, filter hybridization, light induced transcription.DNA has been isolated from barley chloroplasts and analyzed with restriction endonucleases PstI, Sail, PvulI and HindIII. Fragments obtained by digestion with PstI and HindIII have been inserted in the bacterial transformation vectors pBR325 and pBR322 and amplified in Escherichia coli. The inserts of the recombinant plasmids have been mapped with the same restriction enzymes as the intact chloroplast DNA yielding a physical map for the barley chloroplast genome. It is a circular molecule about 133,000 basepairs in size, which is equivalent to the chloroplast genomes of other gramineae such as wheat and maize. Like these it has an inverted repeat, of about 20,900 basepairs, containing the genes for the ribosomal RNAs. There are many similarities of the barley, wheat and maize genomes with respect to recognition sites for the enzymes PstI, SalI and PvuII. Heterologous hybridization with a probe containing parts of the genes for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and for the dicistronic mRNA for two ATPsynthetase CF~ subunits, reveal that the position and organization of these genes in the barley chloroplast DNA are the same as found for maize and wheat.Selected chloroplast DNA fragments isolated from the recombinant plasmids and covering about 80% of the genome have been used for hybridization to RNA purified from plastids of dark grown and 8 hours illuminated seedlings. The RNA was electrophoretically separated in denaturing agarose gels and subsequently Northern blotted onto DBM-paper. The DNA fragments were nick translated and hybridized to the filterbound RNA. A total of 70 transcripts ranging in size from 350 nucleotides to more than 6,000 were identified. Of these 11 were synthesized only after illumination of the seedlings. The transcripts encoding the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and the ATP synthetase CFt subunits [3 and e have been tentatively identified. About 30 transcripts are larger than 3,000 nucleotides, indicating either the existence of a large number of polycistronic mRNAs or various forms of precursor RNAs.Abbreviations: bp = basepairs; DBM-= diazobenzyloxymethyl-; DCCD = dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; DCMU = dichlorophenyl-dimethyl-urea; kb = kilobases; kbp = ldlobasepairs; LS = large subunit; NBM-= nitrobenzyloxymethyl-; NBPC = nitrobenzyloxy-methylpyridinium chloride;pHvC = recombinant plasmids carrying Hordeum vulgare chloroplast DNA fragments; RuBPCase = ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Genes: rbcL = the gene for RuBPCase LS; atpA = the gene for ATP synthetase CFt subunit ct; atpB = the gene for ATP synthetase CF~ subunit [3; atpE = the gene for ATP synthetase CF 1 subunit e; atpH = the gene for ATP synthetase CFo subunit III; psbA = gene for a 32,000 dalton photosystem II protein; rrs, rrl and rrf= 16S, 23S and 5S rRNA genes; trn ...

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Chloroplast gene sequence for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphatecarboxylase of maize

Cited by 307 publications

References 36 publications

Photosynthetic Gene Expression and Cellular Differentiation in Developing Maize Leaves

Photosynthetic Gene Expression and Cellular Differentiation in Developing Maize Leaves

Plastid DNA in Developing Maize Endosperm

The barley chloroplast genome: Physical structure and transcriptional activity in vivo

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