Chlorination at Power Plants: Impact on Phytoplankton Productivity

Brook, A. J.; Baker, Alan L.

doi:10.1126/science.176.4042.1414

Cited by 60 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…(2) According to the chronic toxicity of marine biological chlorine threshold line (2×10 -5 kg/m 3 ), the pollution zone which may have an impact on the marine life was obtained: in winter, the pollution zone was approximated to a band range of the length of 2900m, width of 500m, and the area of 0.752 km 2 , and in summer, the zone was approximated to the length of 1550m, width of 180m, and the area of 0.273km 2 . (3) The predicted result is the maximum increment of pollutant concentration in adverse hydrological condition, that is, the concentration of pollutant was selected as the maximum concentration at different time in the whole simulation period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the cooling water containing chlorine discharged into nearby waters, it will affect the ecological environment of water. Brook found that when chlorine wastewater discharged into the ocean, it would inhibit phytoplankton photosynthesis and respiration by comparing the effects of temperature and water drainage on the phytoplankton [2].Ceng Jiangning carried out the analysis on the influence of residual chlorine on plankton, shellfish and fish, and draw the conclusion that the impact of chlorine in marine fish was more obvious [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of the effects on residual chlorine water discharge from LNG on the ocean water environment

Zhang¹,

Sun²,

Han³

2017

2nd Annual International Conference on Energy, Environmental &Amp; Sustainable Ecosystem Development (EESED 2016)

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In order to research the distribution of residual chlorine of LNG drainage in the ocean, further to formulate reasonable wastewater marine disposal scheme and provide scientific support to the protection of environment. According to the tidal current characteristics of the drainage and receiving waters in the LNG project and the design of the typical hydrological conditions of different seasons, a 2D hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the tidal current field of waters receiving residual chlorine in cold water discharge in the Radial sand ridge group of shallow sea area of Jiangsu maritime space. And as the hydrodynamic conditions in the simulation of the cold water mobility and transfer of two dimensional model of the transport and diffusion for the residual chlorine was established to predict the receiving waters residual chlorine concentration distribution and analyze its environmental impact in considering the residual chlorine in water body of attenuation effect at the same time. Finally, the scope of influence caused by the chlorine water drainage in the chlorine water's sphere was analyzed quantitatively according to the chronic toxicity threshold line of residual chlorine. Results show that the residual chlorine in LNG cold drainage less affected in the water environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of the effects on residual chlorine water discharge from LNG on the ocean water environment

Zhang¹,

Sun²,

Han³

2017

2nd Annual International Conference on Energy, Environmental &Amp; Sustainable Ecosystem Development (EESED 2016)

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“…Entrainment has frequently been found to result in a stimulation of photosynthetic activity during cold months while similar temperature increases during summer months resulted in a reduction of activity , MILLER et al, 1976, WARIN-NER and BREHMER, 1966, LAUER et al, 1974, KREH and DERWORT, 1976. I n some studies no temperature related stimulation of primary production was observed following entrainment ( MORGAN and STROSS, 1969, CARPENTER et al, 1972, BROOK and BAKER, 1972 or the reduced production levels noted occurred in association with high discharge temperatures (SMITH et al., 1974, FOX and MOYER, 1975, GURTZ and WEISS, 1974, FLEMER and SHERK, 1977. At these stations mechanical factors encountered during entrainment may have masked the expected stimulatory effect at sub-optimal temperatures and enhanced reduction a t temperatures which exceeded tolerance limits (MORGAN and STROSS, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A stimulatory effect of condenser passage on photosynthetic activity has also been suggested ( STUART andSTANDFORD, 1978, LIND, 1975). The addition of chlorine to cooling waters has, however, been conclusively shown to severely inhibit phytoplankton primary production (Fox and MOYER, 1975, CARPENTER et al, 1972, BROOK and BAKER, 1972, FLEMER and SHERK, 1977, HAMILTON et aZ., 1970.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Entrainment on Phytoplankton Primary Production at Four Thermal Electric Generating Stations on the Laurentian Great Lakes

Dunstall

1985

Intl Review of Hydrobiology

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Primary production was used to measure the response of phytoplankton to entrainment in once-through cooling water a t thermal electric generating stations. Ambient lakewater temperatures ranged from 1.0 to 20.5 "C. The maximum discharge temperature was 32.0 "C. There was no chlorination of cooling water a t the stations studied. On a few occasions, primary production was stimulated following station passage by discharge temperatures which were approximately 10 "C above ambient lakewater temperatures of 4.5 to 8.5 "C. Differences in production levels were not apparent, however, following the return of discharge water to ambient lakewater temperature. There was no consistent response of phytoplankton to the temperature regimes tested, with production levels generally differing by less than 20 O/ o as a result of station passage or temperature elevation alone. Entrainment was considered to have minimal impact on phytoplankton productivity in large open water bodies such as the Great Lakes.

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“…The effects of entrainment on phytoplankton are variable and depend in part on the location and operating conditions of individual power plants (Warinner & Brehmer, I966;Hamilton, et al, 1970;Carpenter, et al, 1972;Brook & Baker, 1972;and Fox & Moyer, 1973). Most attention has been focused on the effects of a temperature rise over ambient temperature and chlorination; howDr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of steam electric station operation on entrained phytoplankton

Flemer

Sherk

1977

Hydrobiologia

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The effect of entrainment on estuarine phytoplankton was studied at three steam electric stations located on tributaries of Chesapeake Bay. In most cases, chlorine rather than heat was implicated as the most important factor in the reduction of the rate of carbon assimilation. The reduction of carbon assimilation in the mixture of a plant effluent and augmentation water was greater than explained as mechanical and heat effects. Thus, chlorine was judged as the primary factor under these conditions. One study that involved three consecutive days exemplified the problem of interpreting significant statistical interactions and main effects in a multivariate design when tests are conducted under natural conditions.

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Chlorination at Power Plants: Impact on Phytoplankton Productivity

Abstract: Studies of the eflects of passage through a power plant on river phytoplankton have shown that chlorination depresses rates of photosynthesis and respiration to a much greater extent than does heating.

Cited by 60 publications

References 3 publications

Numerical simulation of the effects on residual chlorine water discharge from LNG on the ocean water environment

Numerical simulation of the effects on residual chlorine water discharge from LNG on the ocean water environment

Effects of Entrainment on Phytoplankton Primary Production at Four Thermal Electric Generating Stations on the Laurentian Great Lakes

The effects of steam electric station operation on entrained phytoplankton

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