Chlamydia trachomatis Detection by Nested-PCR Method on Females Referred to Medical Centers of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background:Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infectious disease in the world. Moreover, it plays a role in spontaneous abortion. The accuracy of PCR in detection of C. trachomatis infections has been shown in several studies. Objectives: The frequency of spontaneous abortion and known side effects and statistics vary in Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women with spontaneous abortion and different ways to identify and determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis are used. Materials and Methods: Four sterile Dacron swabs were used to collect specimens from endocervix and vagina from women with miscarriage. DNA was extracted by AccuPrep Genomic DNA extraction kit. The nested PCR procedure was performed with two pair primers. This study was conducted on women referred to Medical Centers of Tehran, Iran in 1391. Results: The number of intercourses per week and history of miscarriage can be known as the risk factors of abortion. Frequency of C. trachomatis in endocervix was 13.25%; the amount of vaginal infection among this group was 19%. Conclusions: Nested PCR as a sensitive Chlamydia trachomatis detection test and endocervical specimens has been offered to detect this bacterium in spontaneous abortion. Besides, C. trachomatis screening among pregnant women can be suggested to prevent abortion.

Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum Isolated From Vaginal Samples of Women in Kerman, Iran

“…U. urealyticum is among the most common organisms causing adverse infections of the amniotic fluid and placenta (9). It is known as a normal flora in the lower genital tract, but its association with STDs is still controversial (9). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the frequencies of C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium infections in pregnant or women with abortion in southeast of Iran.…”

“…DNA extraction and amplification for all polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR assays were performed using Pars Tous kit (Arya Tous CO. Iran), which amplifies outer membrane protein 1 (omp 1) of C. trachomatis, P protein (mgpa) of M. genitalium, and urease of U. urealyticum (9,15,16). For C. trachomatis, nested PCR was performed according to the kit's instructions ( Table 2).…”

“…In Iran, the isolation frequency of C. trachomatis was reported to be up to 23% in pregnant women (7,8) and about 11% -13% in women with abortion (7)(8)(9). Among other causative agents of STDs, there are Mycoplasma spp.…”

“…The role of M. genitalium in more severe infections such as cervicitis and PID has been demonstrated (12), and a significant association has been reported between M. genitalium infection and preterm birth, younger maternal age, and low body mass index (13). U. urealyticum is among the most common organisms causing adverse infections of the amniotic fluid and placenta (9). It is known as a normal flora in the lower genital tract, but its association with STDs is still controversial (9).…”

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“…Recent Polish and Iranian studies suggested that there was a significant association between the number of abortions and abnormal vaginal discharge with C. trachomatis infection 18,19 . This study detected a relationship between several ectopic pregnancy and presence of C. trachomatis antigen whereas the p-value was (0.008) this was agreed with Abdolreza et al, who observed that presence of C. trachomatis antibodies with an ectopic pregnancy patients 20 .…”