Chlamydia

Hafner, Louise M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391059-2.00015-2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 183 publications

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“…122 Numerous experiments confirm the fact that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted CD4+ cells and IFN-γ are essential for this protection. 122,123 Antibodies, particularly neutralizing antibodies, are suspected to play some role in the resolution of the primary infection but a much greater role in the resolution of secondary infections. 124,125 Animals that recover from an initial live chlamydial infection shed virtually no viable organisms upon challenge, a level of protection that, as yet, cannot be replicated using recombinant protein vaccines.…”

Section: Acquired Immunity and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis: challenges and current progress

Hafner¹

2015

VDT

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Abstract:Chlamydia trachomatis remains an enigmatic bacterial pathogen with no vaccine yet available to treat human ocular and genital tract infections caused by tissue-tropic serovars of the organism. Globally, it is the leading cause of preventable blindness as well as the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. The pathogen has a range of virulence factors that enable it to successfully evade both the innate and adaptive immune system of the host. The host immune system, although protective, paradoxically is also associated closely with the pathologies of trachoma and pelvic inflammatory disease -disease sequelae of some chlamydial infections and reinfections in some genetically susceptible hosts. In this review, we focus on what is known currently about the pathogenesis of ocular and genital infections caused by this mucosal pathogen. We also discuss novel insights into the pathogenesis of infections caused by the genital and ocular serovars of C. trachomatis, including a discussion of both pathogen and host factors, such as the human microbiota at these mucosal sites as well as the current immunological challenges facing vaccine development. Finally, we discuss the current progress toward development of a vaccine against C. trachomatis. A wide range of recombinant protein antigens are being identified and, hence, are available for vaccine trials. A plasmid-free live strain has recently been produced and evaluated in the mouse (Chlamydia muridarum) and monkey (C. trachomatis) models. The data for ocular infections in the monkey model was particularly encouraging, although the path to regulatory approval of a live vaccine is still uncertain. While still a major challenge, vaccines for ocular and genital C. trachomatis infections are looking more promising.

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Section: Acquired Immunity and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis: challenges and current progress

Hafner¹

2015

VDT

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Gay Circuit Parties in Barcelona and Their Impact on Gonorrhea Incidence

et al. 2018

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This study explored the role of circuit parties on the incidence of gonorrhea among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Barcelona (Spain). Specifically, it aimed to detect cyclic peaks in the number of reported diagnoses of gonorrhea after gay circuit parties. We analyzed monthly cases of gonorrhea reported from January 2007 through December 2016 after the main annual gay circuit parties in Barcelona. We used the integer autoregressive model for time series with discrete values. The performance of the model was tested in heterosexual men and women, in whom the circuit parties could be expected to have no impact. A sensitivity analysis was conducted, changing post-event diagnosis windows to 1 week later/1 week before. In the study period, a total of 4182 of gonorrhea cases were detected, of which 74.8% (n = 2181) occurred in men who identified themselves as MSM. The average annual increase in gonorrhea cases reported among MSM was 32.57%. In an independent analysis of each gay circuit party, cases increased significantly in two of them. The results were also similar for same-sex practices among men only. On controlling for the increasing trend over the study period and the seasonal effect, an average of 1.16 gonorrhea cases in MSM (95% CI: 0.68, 1.64) were attributable to the celebration of one of the gay circuit parties considered. During the expected outbreak, an average of 13 gonorrhea cases were detected and between 5 and 13% were attributable to one of the circuit parties. In view of these findings, participants should consider seeking advice from their healthcare provider and practice safer sex using condoms to prevent sexually transmitted infections. Local public health services should be reinforced to ensure care for participants during and after gay circuit parties. More research is needed to design and implement preventive programs.

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Development of aChlamydia trachomatisvaccine for urogenital infections: novel tools and new strategies point to bright future prospects

Hafner

2017

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Chlamydia

Cited by 3 publications

References 183 publications

Development of a vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis: challenges and current progress

Development of a vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis: challenges and current progress

Gay Circuit Parties in Barcelona and Their Impact on Gonorrhea Incidence

Development of aChlamydia trachomatisvaccine for urogenital infections: novel tools and new strategies point to bright future prospects

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