Chiral quantum optics

Lodahl, Peter; Mahmoodian, Sahand; Stobbe, Søren; Rauschenbeutel, Arno; Schneeweiß, Philipp; Volz, Jürgen; Pichler, Hannes; Zoller, P.

doi:10.1038/nature21037

Cited by 1,345 publications

(1,229 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…In particular, we study the lasinglike regime in the PT symmetry broken state, where the saturation effects lead to the unique phase transition in the parameter space and nonreciprocal transmission of generated pulses. Pulse-direction locking by the PT symmetry breaking in the lasinglike regime is related to the strong light confinement and resembles light polarization locking to its propagation direction in quantum optics [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PT symmetry breaking in multilayers with resonant loss and gain locks light propagation direction

et al. 2018

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Using the Maxwell-Bloch equations for resonantly absorbing and amplifying media, we study the temporal dynamics of light propagation through the PT -symmetric structures with alternating loss and gain layers. This approach allows us to precisely describe the response of the structure near the exceptional points of PT -symmetry breaking phase transition and, in particular, take into account the nonlinear effect of loss and gain saturation in the PT -symmetry broken state. We reveal that in this latter state the multilayer system possesses a lasing-like behavior releasing the pumped energy in the form of powerful pulses. We predict locking of pulse direction due to the PT -symmetry breaking, as well as saturation-induced irreversibility of phase transition and nonreciprocal transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PT symmetry breaking in multilayers with resonant loss and gain locks light propagation direction

et al. 2018

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“…One of the most fascinating developments is the use of ONFs in quantum optics is for the study of chiral quantum optics Lodahl et al (2017) and its connections with many-body physics. ONFs indeed provide a unique platform to study this nascent area.…”

Section: Nanofiber Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Nanofibers

Solano

Grover

Hoffman

et al. 2017

Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

100

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The development of optical nanofibers (ONF) and the study and control of their optical properties when coupling atoms to their electromagnetic modes has opened new possibilities for their use in quantum optics and quantum information science. These ONFs offer tight optical mode confinement (less than the wavelength of light) and diffraction-free propagation. The small cross section of the transverse field allows probing of linear and non-linear spectroscopic features of atoms with exquisitely low power. The cooperativity -the figure of merit in many quantum optics and quantum information systems -tends to be large even for a single atom in the mode of an ONF, as it is proportional to the ratio of the atomic cross section to the electromagnetic mode cross section. ONFs offer a natural bus for information and for inter-atomic coupling through the tightly-confined modes, which opens the possibility of one-dimensional many-body physics and interesting quantum interconnection applications. The presence of the ONF modifies the vacuum field, affecting the spontaneous emission rates of atoms in its vicinity. The high gradients in the radial intensity naturally provide the potential for trapping atoms around the ONF, allowing the creation of onedimensional arrays of atoms. The same radial gradient in the transverse direction of the field is responsible for the existence of a large longitudinal component that introduces the possibility of spin-orbit coupling of the light and the atom, enabling the exploration of chiral quantum optics.

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“…The scheme of Fig. 1(a) assumes a chiral coupling of the two-level atoms to the waveguide [18,19], as demonstrated in recent experiments with atoms [20] and quantum dots [21]. The atomic qubit is transferred in a decay process with a time-varying coupling to a rightmoving photonic (or phononic) wave packet propagating in the waveguide, i.e., ðc g jgi 1 þ c e jei 1 Þj0i p → jgi 1 ðc g j0i p þ c e j1i p Þ where ji 1 and ji p denote the atomic and channel states.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Imperfect chirality.-For an optical fiber with chirally coupled resonators [36], the nodes emit only a fraction β < 1 of their excitations in the right direction. The dynamics, then, also depends on the propagation phase ϕ [18] and on the time delay τ. As illustrated in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microwave Quantum States Beat the Heat

Fink

2017

Physics

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We describe a quantum state transfer protocol, where a quantum state of photons stored in a first cavity can be faithfully transferred to a second distant cavity via an infinite 1D waveguide, while being immune to arbitrary noise (e.g., thermal noise) injected into the waveguide. We extend the model and protocol to a cavity QED setup, where atomic ensembles, or single atoms representing quantum memory, are coupled to a cavity mode. We present a detailed study of sensitivity to imperfections, and apply a quantum error correction protocol to account for random losses (or additions) of photons in the waveguide. Our numerical analysis is enabled by matrix product state techniques to simulate the complete quantum circuit, which we generalize to include thermal input fields. Our discussion applies both to photonic and phononic quantum networks. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.133601 Introduction.-The ability to transfer quantum states between distant nodes of a quantum network via a quantum channel is a basic task in quantum information processing [1][2][3][4]. An outstanding challenge is to achieve quantum state transfer [5,6] (QST) with high fidelity despite the presence of noise and decoherence in the quantum channel. In a quantum optical setup, the quantum channels are realized as 1D waveguides, where quantum information is carried by "flying qubits" implemented either by photons in the optical [7][8][9] or microwave regime [10-13], or phonons [14,15]. Thus, imperfections in the quantum channel include photon or phonon loss, and, in particular for microwave photons and phonons, a (thermal) noise background [16]. In this Letter, we propose a QST protocol and a corresponding quantum optical setup which allow for state transfer with high fidelity, undeterred by these imperfections. A key feature is that our protocol and setup are a priori immune to quantum or classical noise injected into the 1D waveguide, while imperfections such as random generation and loss of photons or phonons during transmission can be naturally corrected with an appropriate quantum error correction (QEC) scheme [17].The generic setup for QST in a quantum optical network is illustrated in Fig. 1 as transmission of a qubit state from a first to a second distant two-level atom via an infinite 1D bosonic open waveguide. The scheme of Fig. 1(a) assumes a chiral coupling of the two-level atoms to the waveguide [18,19], as demonstrated in recent experiments with atoms [20] and quantum dots [21]. The atomic qubit is transferred in a decay process with a time-varying coupling to a rightmoving photonic (or phononic) wave packet propagating in the waveguide, i.e., ðc g jgi 1 þ c e jei 1 Þj0i p → jgi 1 ðc g j0i p þ c e j1i p Þ where ji 1 and ji p denote the atomic and channel states. The transfer of the qubit state is then completed by

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Chiral quantum optics

Cited by 1,345 publications

References 99 publications

PT symmetry breaking in multilayers with resonant loss and gain locks light propagation direction

PT symmetry breaking in multilayers with resonant loss and gain locks light propagation direction

Optical Nanofibers

Microwave Quantum States Beat the Heat

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