Chiral nature of magnetic monopoles in artificial spin ice

Rougemaille, Nicolas; Montaigne, F.; Canals, Benjamin; Hehn, M.; Riahi, Hanna; Lacour, Daniel; Toussaint, Jean-Christophe

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/3/035026

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Interestingly, the Dirac strings in this two dimensional system are one dimensional [29], which is a signature of 'dimensional reduction due to frustration' [70], and is a consequence of the fact that the strings do not branch which, along with the fact that they do not propagate around corners, can be understood by considering the local dipolar fields [71]. The direction of Dirac string propagation can be controlled, for example, by local chirality of the spins, given by the local curling of the spins at the ends of the islands interacting at a vertex [72] and the chirality of the moving domain wall [73] in a connected system. In the end, the prevailing propagation mechanisms will depend on the orientation of the applied field and the detailed geometry of the system.…”

Section: Emergent Magnetic Monopolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics

Heyderman¹,

Stamps²

2013

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

211

193

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Lithographic processing and film growth technologies are continuing to advance, so that it is now possible to create patterned ferroic materials consisting of arrays of sub-1 μm elements with high definition. Some of the most fascinating behaviour of these arrays can be realised by exploiting interactions between the individual elements to create new functionality. The properties of these artificial ferroic systems differ strikingly from those of their constituent components, with novel emergent behaviour arising from the collective dynamics of the interacting elements, which are arranged in specific designs and can be activated by applying magnetic or electric fields. We first focus on artificial spin systems consisting of arrays of dipolar-coupled nanomagnets and, in particular, review the field of artificial spin ice, which demonstrates a wide range of fascinating phenomena arising from the frustration inherent in particular arrangements of nanomagnets, including emergent magnetic monopoles, domains of ordered macrospins, and novel avalanche behaviour. We outline how demagnetisation protocols have been employed as an effective thermal anneal in an attempt to reach the ground state, comment on phenomena that arise in thermally activated systems and discuss strategies for selectively generating specific configurations using applied magnetic fields. We then move on from slow field and temperature driven dynamics to high frequency phenomena, discussing spinwave excitations in the context of magnonic crystals constructed from arrays of patterned magnetic elements. At high frequencies, these arrays are studied in terms of potential applications including magnetic logic, linear and non-linear microwave optics, and fast, efficient switching, and we consider the possibility to create tunable magnonic crystals with artificial spin ice. Finally, we discuss how functional ferroic composites can be incorporated to realise magnetoelectric effects. Specifically, we discuss artificial multiferroics (or multiferroic composites), which hold promise for new applications that involve electric field control of magnetism, or electric and magnetic field responsive devices for high frequency integrated circuit design in microwave and terahertz signal processing. We close with comments on how enhanced functionality can be realised through engineering of nanostructures with interacting ferroic components, creating opportunities for novel spin electronic devices that, for example, make use of the transport of magnetic charges, thermally activated elements, and reprogrammable nanomagnet systems.

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Section: Emergent Magnetic Monopolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics

Heyderman¹,

Stamps²

2013

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

211

193

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“…[15][16][17] Furthermore, in isolated bar systems, monopole chirality may provide additional factors that influence the reversal paths in such systems. 18 Varying the angle of the applied field with respect to the geometrical structuring also offers a route to influence the magnetization reversal by biasing particular sub-lattice directions. Here the angular dependence of the nucleation of a DW from a vertex has been reveal an angular shift in the minimum DW nucleation field due to an asymmetric magnetization distribution at the vertex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angular-dependent magnetization reversal processes in artificial spin ice

2015

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The angular dependence to the magnetization reversal in interconnected kagome artificial spin ice structures has been studied through experimental MOKE measurements and micromagnetic simulations. This reversal is mediated by the propagation of magnetic domain walls along the interconnecting bars which either nucleate at the vertex or arrive following an interaction in a neighbouring vertex. The physical differences in these processes show a distinct angular dependence allowing the different contributions to be identified. The configuration of the initial magnetization state, either locally or on a full sublattice of the system, controls the reversal characteristics of the array within a certain field window. This shows how the available magnetization reversal routes can be manipulated and the system trained.

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“…In particular, due to magnetostatics, in elements above a certain thickness (ca. 5-10 nm in Permalloy, depending on lateral dimensions and thickness) the magnetization state changes from an 'onion' state (mostly uniform) to C or S states in which the magnetization bends at the extremities of the element 74 . These changes affect the magnetic symmetry of the vertices and the torques in the presence of an applied field, as shwon in Fig.…”

Section: A Square Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of reconfigurable artificial spin ice: Toward magnonic functional materials

2020

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Over the past few years, the study of magnetization dynamics in artificial spin ices has become a vibrant field of study. Artificial spin ices are ensembles of geometrically arranged, interacting magnetic nanoislands, which display frustration by design. These were initially created to mimic the behavior in rare earth pyrochlore materials and to study emergent behavior and frustration using two-dimensional magnetic measurement methods. Recently, it has become clear that it is possible to create artificial spin ices, which can potentially be used as functional materials. In this Perspective, we review the resonant behavior of spin ices (which is in the GHz frequency range), focusing on their potential application as magnonic crystals. In magnonic crystals, spin waves are functionalized for logic applications by means of band structure engineering. While it has been established that artificial spin ices can possess rich mode spectra, the applicability of spin ices to create magnonic crystals hinges upon their reconfigurability. Consequently, we describe recent work aiming to develop techniques and create geometries allowing full reconfigurability of the spin ice magnetic state. We also discuss experimental, theoretical, and numerical methods for determining the spectral response of artificial spin ices, and give an outlook on new directions for reconfigurable spin ices. arXiv:1912.07280v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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Chiral nature of magnetic monopoles in artificial spin ice

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics

Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics

Angular-dependent magnetization reversal processes in artificial spin ice

Dynamics of reconfigurable artificial spin ice: Toward magnonic functional materials

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