China’s Hybrid Warfare in the South China Sea

Abstract

With the advent of nuclear weapons and increased international impetus on human rights, the likelihood of a full-blown war between actors seems less likely. Therefore, it is apparent that concepts of war would again transform to suit a more acceptable form – Hybrid Warfare. The paradigm of Hybrid Warfare aims to exploit various domains traditionally not associated with war synergistically. The acts undertaken in these domains are calculated to be below a certain threshold and offer plausible deniability, which, therefore, cannot be classified as outright acts of war. Furthermore, these acts are exploited in a ‘Grey Zone’ – where delimitations between war and peace are not earmarked or clear. The disputed region of the South China Sea, wherein territorial and maritime disputes exist among several claimants, forms an ideal Grey Zone. Dominion over this region would address China's military, Economic, Energy and Food Security needs. Thus, in an effort towards dominating the South China Sea, China has been employing numerous means such as Diplomatic Manoeuvres, Economic Intimidation, Military Force and Miscellaneous Subversions. When analysed in unison, these acts undoubtedly reveal a Hybrid Warfare character.