Children at Risk: The Search for the Antecedents of Schizophrenia. Part I. Conceptual Models and Research Methods

“Don’t sweat the small stuff:” Understanding teacher resilience at the chalkface

“…During the 1970s the term resilience began to be used within fields such as psychology and psychiatry to describe the positive development of children otherwise considered 'at risk' due to their exposure to experiences such as abuse, trauma and divorce (Garmezy, 1974).…”

The neurodevelopmental basis of sex differences in schizophrenia

“…Offord & Cross (1969) reviewed such studies and concluded that there was a correlation between 'disturbed' behaviour in childhood and early illness-onset; there was also an association between the latter and minimal brain dysfunction. The evidence from child guidance clinics is that attenders who go on to develop schizophrenia are mostly male, and show a mixture of antisocial and emotional problems in childhood (Garmezy, 1974;Zeitlin, 1986). Males are also over-represented among cohorts of'schizoid' children (Wolff & Chick, 1980), such children being considered prone to the later development of schizophrenia (see Gunderson & Siever, 1985;Kendler, 1985).…”

High risk for schizophrenia: genetic considerations

“…The great majority of the high-risk studies which have burgeoned recently (Garmezy, 1974) examine children with one schizophrenic parent, since they are more accessible. On average they have only a moderately high risk of around 10% of becoming affected if they live long enough.…”

“…One of the studies described by Garmezy (1974), that of McNeil & Kaij, staits as early as the eighth month of pregnancy with recordings of the foetal heart beat for orienting response and habituation. Obviously it will not be feasible to follow such subjects through to the final life event before the onset in those who become schizophrenic, and then on to an age where the healthy offspring are all too old to be any longer at risk.…”