To be relevant to modern childhoods immersed in media cultures, we need to think beyond print-intensive reading/writing workshops and to support play-enriched participatory literacies. Participatory literacies are ways of interpreting, making, sharing, and belonging in increasingly globally-and digitally-mediated cultures. Early literacy is too often oversimplified as a set of cognitive and "constrained skills" for beginning reading: easily measured tasks "such as learning the letters of the alphabet, [that] are constrained to small sets of knowledge that are mastered in relatively brief periods of development" (Paris 2005, 185). This approach overlooks the ways that children play their way into cultures, using play as a key participatory and "printless" literacy that accesses popular media as rich literary repertoires of characters and storylines. When opportunities to play in school vanish, or are limited by a well-intentioned commercialfree bias, children lose the chance to tap into their passions for and knowledges of popular media as powerful literacy resources and cultural capital in peer cultures. The article examines how children's play shows what they know and reveals their participatory literacies in preschool classrooms where teachers provide play-based media literacy curricula. Data are excerpted from a five-year study of literacy play in classrooms that provide a space for children to draw upon popular media repertoires as cultural capital and resources for literacy development. Mediated discourse analysis of classroom video located and analyzed children's play for use of creative and collaborative dimensions of participatory literacies. Results showed that young children drew on their media knowledge during play to fluidly improvise dialogue and story action in ways that enriched and sustained play themes and friendships over time but also allowed isolated children to gain access to play groups.