Childlessness, Psychological Well-being, and Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly in China

Abstract

This paper examines the effects of childlessness on the well-being of persons aged 65 and above in China. It is based on an application of ordered-logit regression in the analysis of the data from the 2002 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted in 22 provinces of China (N = 13,447). It compares parents with the childless elderly, focusing on three dimensions of psychological well-being, namely feelings of anxiety, loneliness, and uselessness, and on life satisfaction. The findings include the following. First, with control of social demographic variables of age, gender and education, childlessness is significantly associated with life satisfaction, feeling of anxiety and loneliness, but not feeling of uselessness. The childless elderly are less satisfied with their lives and feel more anxious and lonely than do parents, but they do not necessarily feel significantly more useless. Second, when controlled with social-demographic variables and additional socioeconomic variables of residence, living arrangement, availability of pension and medical services, childlessness is no longer significantly related to anxiety and loneliness, and it is related at only a marginally-significant level to life satisfaction. Third, individual education, place of residence, living arrangements, economic security and access to medical services are consistently related to life satisfaction and psychological well-being among the elderly. We conclude that providing social investments in education in early life and economic security and medical insurance in later life for both the childless and parents are crucial for improving individual psychological well-being and life satisfaction for the elderly.

Socio-Demographic Predictors of Loneliness Across the Adult Life Span in Portugal

“…Victor and Yang (2012) found that tertiary education was a protective factor of loneliness (i.e., linked with decreased levels of loneliness). Similarly, in other studies the average loneliness score was higher for lower education (Koc, 2012;Savikko et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2011;Zhang & Liu, 2007). However, this association is not perfect and many exceptions do occur (Sundström et al, 2009).…”

Reconsidering Childfreedom: A Feminist Exploration of Discursive Identity Construction in Childfree LiveJournal Communities

“…Even in China, where boys are preferred over girls and legislation prohibits having more than one child, childlessness is denounced (Zhang & Liu, 2007). However, research illustrates how pronatalist pressure varies across certain populations (Letherby, 2003).…”

Evaluation of life satisfaction of elderly people according to different life styles

“…Genel olarak çocuklu yaşlıların psikolojik iyi oluşları-nın ve yaşam doyumlarının daha yüksek olduğu ça-lışmalarda gösterilmiştir 24 . Ancak çalışmamızda, beklenilenin aksine hizmet alan ve huzurevinde kalan çocuk sahibi yaşlıların yaşam doyum puanı düşük bulundu.…”