Childhood malignancies of the eye and orbit in Northern Nigeria

Abiose, A; Adido, Jaiye; Agarwal, Shelly

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19850615)55:12<2889::aid-cncr2820551232>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The incidence varies around the world with approximately 1 of in 15,000 live births affected in the United States of America compared to 1 in 18,000 live births in Asia (Abiose et al, 1985;Klauss et al, 1990;Ajaiyeoba et al, 1992;Owoeye et al, 2006). This study showed that the majority of patients (64%) presented with unilateral retinoblastoma and the remaining (36%) are bilateral.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Presentation of Retinoblastoma Patients in Malaysia

Subramaniam¹,

Rahmat²,

Rahman³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer that usually develops in early childhood. If left untreated it can cause blindness and even death. The aim of this study is to determine sociodemographic and clinical features of retinoblastoma patients and also to determine the treatment pattern and outcome in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Data for this study were retrieved from the Retinoblastoma Registry of the National Eye Database (NED) in Malaysia. Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Umum Kuching, Sarawak and Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu were the major source data providers for this study. Data collected in the registry cover demography, clinical presentation, modes of treatment, outcomes and complications. Results: The study group consisted of 119 patients (162 eyes) diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 2004 and 2012. There were 68 male (57.1%) and 51 (42.9%) female. The median age at presentation was 22 months. A majority of patients were Malays (54.6%), followed by Chinese (18, 5%), Indians (8.4%), and indigenous races (15.9%). Seventy six (63.8%) patients had unilateral involvement whereas 43 patients had bilateral disease (36.1%). It was found that most children presented with leukocoria (110 patients), followed by strabismus (19), and protopsis (12). Among the 76 with unilateral involvement (76 eyes), enucleation was performed for a majority (79%). More than half of these patients had extraocular extension. Of the 40 who received chemotherapy, 95% were given drugs systemically. Furthermore, in 43 patients with bilateral involvement (86 eyes), 35 (41%) eyes were enucleated and 17 (49%) showed extraocular extension. Seventy-two percent of these patients received systemic chemotherapy. The patients were followed up 1 year after diagnosis, whereby 66 were found to be alive and 4 dead. Sixteen patients defaulted treatment and were lost to follow-up, whereas follow-up data were not available in 33 patients. Conclusions: Patients with retinoblastoma in this middle-income Asian setting are presenting at late stages. As a result, a high proportion of patients warrant aggressive management such as enucleation. We also showed that a high number of patients default follow-up. Therefore, reduction in refusal or delay to initial treatment, and follow-up should be emphasized in order to improve the survival rates of retinoblastoma in this part of the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Presentation of Retinoblastoma Patients in Malaysia

Subramaniam¹,

Rahmat²,

Rahman³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…This is similar to the results of earlier reports. 2,5,6,9 Several challenges were observed to be present in our setting when compared with the more developed economies of the world. Late presentation was still common with a mean duration of disease before presentation in hospital of 6 months when advanced disease was already present in the majority of the patients reviewed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Retinoblastoma

Bekibele

Ayede

Asaolu

et al. 2009

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

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“…[5] It is claimed that retinoblastoma has a prenatal origin as occurrence is soon after birth [6] and there is a report of prenatal diagnosis of retinoblastoma [7] About half of our patients presented at the age of 3 years compared to 89% that presented before the age of 3 years in other parts of the world. [8] Retinoblastoma is also said to be commoner in African than Caucasian children, [9] and is characterized by late presentation in Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinicopathological pattern and management of retinoblastoma in Kano, Nigeria

Abdu

Malami

2011

Ann Afr Med

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Background:The aim of the study is to evaluate the pattern of presentation and the mode of management of retinoblastoma seen in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano from 2001 to 2005. Materials and Methods: The clinic register was used to obtain the case folders of all children treated for retinoblastoma and this was used to obtain information on patient's age, sex, and clinical sign(s) at presentation such as orbital mass, leucocoria, proptosis, hyphaema without history of trauma, unexplained hypopyon, or uveitis. Also documented were X ray/B mode ultrasound scan fi ndings, type of surgery performed, histological diagnosis, and adjuvant chemotherapy where applicable. Results: Forty-two patients were reviewed, 15 males and 27 females (M: F = 1.0: 1.8). The age ranged between 2 and 6 years and the peak age of presentation was 3 years in 22 patients (52%). The tumor was unilateral in 40 patients (95%) and bilateral in 2 patients (5%). Most of the patients (46%) presented late with fungating orbital mass. Other signs include leucocoria 22%, proptosis 19%, hyphema 7%, Hypopyon 2%, squint 2%, and buphthalmos 2%. Thirty-one patients (74%) had exenteration and enucleation was performed in 11 patients (26%). The tumor was histologically confi rmed in 41 patients (98%) and was poorly differentiated in 23 patients (55%), 1 patient (2%) had toxocara granuloma. Thirty-nine patients required adjuvant chemotherapy and only 2 received 6 (full) courses. Conclusion: Retinoblastoma, a treatable tumor is characterized by late presentation as illustrated in our study. There is need to create public awareness and educate mothers on this tumor so that there is early diagnosis, appropriate referral, and prompt treatment. The goal is to increase number of children successfully cured of this disease in our environment.

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Childhood malignancies of the eye and orbit in Northern Nigeria

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Presentation of Retinoblastoma Patients in Malaysia

Presentation of Retinoblastoma Patients in Malaysia

Retinoblastoma

Clinicopathological pattern and management of retinoblastoma in Kano, Nigeria

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