Childhood leprosy in an urban clinic, Hyderabad, India: clinical presentation and the role of household contacts

Jain, Suman; Reddy, Ramana G; Osmani, Sabah; Lockwood, Diana N. J.; Suneetha, Sujai

doi:10.47276/lr.73.3.248

Cited by 53 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The observed prevalence (5.1%) of childhood leprosy was less than that observed by Jain et al (9.8%) in an urban leprosy clinic in Hyderabad 4 but far more than the current national (1.2%) and state (1.6%) figures. 5,6 The marked male preponderance among the affected subjects is consistent with the observation made in several studies that male cases outnumber females to the order of 2:1.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…10 The presence of a household contact in more than one-third is of important epidemiological significance, pertinent to that of the ‘index case’, as these cases are largely multibacillary and potentially infective. In the Hyderabad study 4 , a history of contact was present in 38.8% cases. Household contacts should therefore be examined for evidence of leprosy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Childhood leprosy: lest we forget

Sachdeva¹,

Amin²,

Khan

et al. 2011

Trop Doct

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leprosy remains an important public health and social issue in South Asia, particularly in India. Its presence in childhood is an immense social burden because of the associated disabilities and widely prevalent misconceptions regarding communicability and treatment potential. The prevalence of leprosy among children suggests a possible gap in the national programmes aimed at leprosy elimination. This article reports a 10-year retrospective study of childhood leprosy in a tertiary care hospital setting (2000-2009) along with an analysis of selected socio-epidemiologic correlates. We stress the importance of early detection and the application of appropriate prophylactic measures in susceptible children.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Childhood leprosy: lest we forget

Sachdeva¹,

Amin²,

Khan

et al. 2011

Trop Doct

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This hypothesis needs to be tested on large scale of population over a long interval before coming to any conclusion, since the authors have no intention to put forth the MB patients into social ostracism under the fear of infection. Whatever the relationship between positivity of PCR and development of the disease, PCR is much more sensitive than microscopic examination for direct detection of bacilli [ 25 , 26 ]. Moreover, at present there is no other more sensitive alternative tool available for early detection of leprosy other than PCR and serological test [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex PCR technique could be an alternative approach for early detection of leprosy among close contacts - a pilot study from India

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundImplementation of Multi drug Therapy (MDT) regimen has resulted in the decline of the total number of leprosy cases in the world. Though the prevalence rate has been declining, the incidence rate remains more or less constant and high in South East Asian countries particularly in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Srilanka. Leprosy, particularly that of multibacillary type spreads silently before it is clinically detected. An early detection and treatment would help to prevent transmission in the community. Multiplex PCR (M-PCR) technique appears to be promising towards early detection among contacts of leprosy cases.MethodsA total of 234 paucibacillary (PB) and 205 multibacillary (MB) leprosy cases were studied in a community of an endemic area of Bankura district of West Bengal (Eastern India). They were assessed by smear examination for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and M-PCR technique. These patients were treated with Multidrug Therapy (MDT) as prescribed by WHO following detection. A total of 110 MB and 72 PB contacts were studied by performing M-PCR in their nasal swab samples.Results83.4% of MB patients were observed to be positive by smear examination for AFB and 89.2% by M-PCR. While 22.2% of PB patients were found to be positive by smear examination for AFB, 80.3% of these patients were positive by M-PCR. Among leprosy contacts (using M-PCR), 10.9% were found to be positive among MB contacts and 1.3% among PB contacts. Interestingly, two contacts of M-PCR positive MB cases developed leprosy during the period of two years follow up.ConclusionThe M-PCR technique appears to be an efficient tool for early detection of leprosy cases in community based contact tracing amongst close associates of PB and MB cases. Early contact tracing using a molecular biology tool can be of great help in curbing the incidence of leprosy further.

show abstract

“…Advanced age at diagnosis has been previously reported as a risk predictor for developing a physical disability associated with leprosy disease [ 14 ]. Age is known to be related to disease duration and diagnosis delay [ 15 , 16 ]. This study quantified the association of advanced age and physical disability since the study was conducted in Brazil [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for physical disability in patients with leprosy disease in Yunnan, China: Evidence from a retrospective observational study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Leprosy is potentially debilitating. The risk factors related to physical disabilities associated with leprosy disease in Yunnan, China was not clear. Methodology/Principal findings We studied 10644 newly detected leprosy patients from Yunnan, China, from 1990 to 2019. Factors associated with Grade 1 (G1D) and Grade 2 (G2D) physical disabilities or overall physical disabilities (combined G1D and G2D) associated with leprosy were analyzed using multinomial and ordinal logistic regression analyses. The following factors were associated with the development of physical disability in these patients with leprosy: delayed diagnosis [odds ratio (OR): 5.652, 4.399, and 2.275; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 4.516–7.073, 3.714–5.212, and 2.063–2.509; for ≥ 10, 5–10 y, and 2–5 years, respectively], nerve damage (OR: 3.474 and 2.428; 95% CI: 2.843–4.244, and 1.959–3.008; for 2 and 1 damaged nerves, respectively), WHO classification of PB (OR: 1.759; 95% CI: 1.341–2.307), Ridley-Jopling classification (OR: 1.479, 1.438, 1.522 and 1.239; 95% CI: 1.052–2.079, 1.075–1.923, 1.261–1.838, and 1.072–1.431; for TT, BT, BB, and BL when compared with LL, respectively), advanced age (OR: 1.472 and 2.053; 95% CI: 1.106–1.960 and 1.498–2.814; for 15–59 and over 60 years old, respectively), zero skin lesions (OR: 1.916; 95% CI: 1.522–2.413), leprosy reaction (OR: 1.528; 95% CI: 1.195–1.952), rural occupation (OR: 1.364; 95% CI: 1.128–1.650), Han ethnicity (OR: 1.268; 95% CI: 1.159–1.386), and male sex (OR: 1.128; 95% CI: 1.024–1.243). Conclusions Delayed diagnosis, nerve damage, no skin lesions, WHO and Ridley-Jopling classifications, leprosy reactions, advanced age, rural occupation, Han ethnicity, and male sex were associated with disability in leprosy patients. Identifying risk factors could help to prevent physical disability.

show abstract

Childhood leprosy in an urban clinic, Hyderabad, India: clinical presentation and the role of household contacts

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Childhood leprosy: lest we forget

Childhood leprosy: lest we forget

Multiplex PCR technique could be an alternative approach for early detection of leprosy among close contacts - a pilot study from India

Risk factors for physical disability in patients with leprosy disease in Yunnan, China: Evidence from a retrospective observational study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About