Child Vaccination Coverage, Trends and Predictors in Eastern Ethiopia: Implication for Sustainable Development Goals

Dheresa, Merga; Dessie, Yadeta; Negash, Belay; Balis, Bikila; Getachew, Tamirat; Ayana, Galana Mamo; Merga, Bedasa Taye; Regassa, Lemma Demissie

doi:10.2147/jmdh.s325705

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In the multivariable multilevel analysis maternal age, birth order, and full immunization for basic vaccines were significantly associated with the uptake of MCV2. Consistent with the studies conducted on the uptake of the first dose of the measles vaccine and other vaccines [ 28 , 29 ], children from older mothers were less likely to get vaccinated as compared with children from younger mothers. This might be because older women are less likely than younger women to use different sources of information such as social media and learn about a newly launched vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Exploring spatial variations and the individual and contextual factors of uptake of measles-containing second dose vaccine among children aged 24 to 35 months in Ethiopia

Teshale

Amare

2023

PLoS ONE

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Background To eliminate measles, which is a devastating contagious disease, Ethiopia introduced the measles-containing second dose vaccine (MCV2) that will be given in the second year of life. Despite its paramount benefit, the coverage was low worldwide and, in Ethiopia, there is scarce evidence on the geographic variations and factors associated with uptake of MCV2. Objective This study aimed to explore the spatial variations and the individual and contextual factors of uptake of measles-containing second dose vaccine among children aged 24 to 35 months in Ethiopia. Methods We used the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey data. A total weighted sample of 800 children aged 24 to 35 months was used. Multilevel analysis was employed and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. Factors with a p-value<0.05 in the multivariable analysis were declared to be significant predictors of MCV2 uptake. To explore the spatial variations of MCV2 uptake, we have conducted spatial analysis using both Arc GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 software. Results The proportion of MCV2 uptake was 9.84% (95% CI: 7.96%, 12.11%). Children whose mothers were aged 20–34 years (AOR = 0.19; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.69) and 35–49 years (AOR = 0.21; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.90), being the 4th-5th child (AOR = 4.02; 95%CI: 1.45, 11.14) and 6th and above child (AOR = 4.12; 95%CI: 1.42, 13.05) and children who did not receive full childhood vaccinations (AOR = 0.44; 95%CI: 0.25, 0.77) were significantly associated with MCV2 uptake. Besides, MCV2 uptake was clustered in Ethiopia (Global Moran’s I = 0.074, p-value <0.01). The primary cluster spatial window was detected in the Benishangul-Gumuz region with LLR = 10.05 and p = 0.011. Conclusion The uptake of MCV2 in Ethiopia was low. Maternal age, birth order, and uptake of the other basic vaccines were associated with MCV2 uptake. Besides, MCV2 uptake was clustered in Ethiopia and the primary cluster spatial window was located in the Benishangul-Gumuz region. Therefore, special concern should be given to regions with lower MCV2 uptake such as the Benishangul-Gumuz region. Besides, it is better to give attention to basic vaccination programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Exploring spatial variations and the individual and contextual factors of uptake of measles-containing second dose vaccine among children aged 24 to 35 months in Ethiopia

Teshale

Amare

2023

PLoS ONE

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“…The richer wealth index higher odds of vaccination coverage as compared to the poorest wealth index. The nding was supported by a study in national studies, and Afghanistan [20,21,22]. This could explain by in wealth index, study shows that countries with high wealth index within each country; As a result, even when few people earn substantial salaries, countries with high natural resource revenues may appear to nd better services in vaccination and health care than others [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Vaccination Coverage and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019

Damete¹,

Terefe

2023

Preprint

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Background: Vaccination is also the prevention strategy for common childhood illnesses. Globally vaccines prevent millions of outbreaks of diseases and save thousands of lives each year, but vaccine-preventable diseases remain a threat. Child vaccination coverage is higher in Eastern and Southern Africa than in West and Central Africa. Nevertheless, more refined data reveal that the levels of inequality between and within countries are substantial. This study aimed to measure vaccination coverage and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia. Methods: This study's data was extracted from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey. A weighted sample of 935 under-fives aged 12-23 months participated in the study. The STATA version 16 software was used to conduct the analysis. Backward stepwise elimination was manually applied using complex sample designs for inferential statistics and sampling weights for descriptive statistics. At the level of p-value 0.05, statistical significance was finally declared. Results: The overall vaccination coverage in this study was 55.0%. In multivariate analysis the age of household head, (AOR = 0.617, 95% CI: 0.400- 0.954) had lower among the 41-50 age household head as compared to the 18-30 age household head. The odds of vaccination coverage were lower in the Oromia region compared with the Tigray region (AOR = 0.256, 95% CI: 0.134-0.488). Vaccination coverage odds were lower in rural places of residence in comparison with the urban places of residence (AOR = 0.495, 95% CI: 0.315-0.779). Regarding the household wealth index, the richer wealth index (AOR = 1.791, 95% CI: 1.101-2.915) had higher odds of vaccination coverage when compared with children from the poorest wealth index. Higher odds of vaccination coverage were found for mothers who gave birth in a health facility as compared to mothers who gave birth at home (AOR = 1.437, 95% CI: 1.083-1.907). When compared to children who did not receive postnatal care, those who did have higher odds of having received all recommended vaccinations (AOR = 2.377, 95% CI: 1.564-3.612). Conclusion: Vaccination coverage in Ethiopia was significantly lower than the worldwide target. It shows the region, household age, place of residence, wealth index, place of delivery, and postnatal care had a statistically significant association with vaccination coverage. These findings suggest that mobile and outreach vaccination services are needed for hard-to-reach rural areas, especially pastoral and semi-pastoral areas. Furthermore, additional research may be necessary to obtain more representative regional data.

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“…Even though one of the agenda of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to make vaccination services available to everyone by 2030. 11 The finding of this study could critically inform policymakers to narrow the disparity in complete childhood vaccination status across residences and the wealth status of households. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the factors associated with full immunization coverage among children under two years in Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Factors associated with full immunization coverage among under-2 years children in Nepal

Thapa¹,

Chaudhary²,

Sangroula³

et al. 2023

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Immunization is a cost-effective intervention; countries committed to improving child health and well-being by 2030 and assessing overall progress towards the sustainable development goals are required to reduce vaccine-preventable illness and deaths, which profoundly rely on immunization. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Nepal using secondary data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 to fulfil the objective and find out the factors associated with full immunization coverage among under two years children in Nepal. This study was conducted in 21 districts based on a low human development index. Results: Among the 306 respondents, this study found that full immunization coverage was (42.2%) and male respondents 51 % were more vaccinated as compared to female 49% of respondents. Similarly, there were mother occupations statistically associated with full immunization coverage. Instructional deliveries (51.7%) were not statistically associated with full immunization coverage. Agriculture and services were 1.6 times more likely to be immunized as compared to not working women [OR 1.6 (0.99-2.56)]. Child age was statically associated with full immunization and children aged 12-23 months were 39 (19.51-79.17) and 24 (17.99-64.23). Conclusions: Immunization is the most cost-effective and universal public health weapon. The overall full basic immunization coverage was still lower than the global target. BCG coverage was high; however, only half of the respondents received the second dose of measles. Complete basic immunization was significantly associated with child age, child sex, and mother’s occupation.

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Child Vaccination Coverage, Trends and Predictors in Eastern Ethiopia: Implication for Sustainable Development Goals

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Exploring spatial variations and the individual and contextual factors of uptake of measles-containing second dose vaccine among children aged 24 to 35 months in Ethiopia

Exploring spatial variations and the individual and contextual factors of uptake of measles-containing second dose vaccine among children aged 24 to 35 months in Ethiopia

Vaccination Coverage and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019

Factors associated with full immunization coverage among under-2 years children in Nepal

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