2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.030
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Abstract: BackgroundStunting affects about one-quarter of children under five worldwide. The pathogenesis of stunting is poorly understood. Nutritional interventions have had only modest effects in reducing stunting. We hypothesized that insufficiency in essential amino acids may be limiting the linear growth of children.MethodsWe used a targeted metabolomics approach to measure serum amino acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and other metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 313 child… Show more

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Cited by 240 publications
(259 citation statements)
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“…mTORC1 specifically senses amino acid deficiency and represses protein and lipid synthesis and cellular growth in the state of starvation (Efeyan et al 2015). This explains findings of Semba et al (2016) who showed that low serum concentrations of all nine essential amino acids, with conditionally essential amino acids (arginine, glycine and glutamine), non-essential amino acids (asparagine, glutamate and serine) and six different sphingolipids are associated with child stunting in Malawi. The study also found significant differences in phosphatidylcholines which are involved in chondrogenesis, a major determinant of linear growth, underscoring the causal association of poor growth in the state of under-nutrition and inadequate dietary intake of essential amino acids and choline.…”
Section: Social Interactions and Their Effects On Growth In Heightmentioning
confidence: 53%
“…mTORC1 specifically senses amino acid deficiency and represses protein and lipid synthesis and cellular growth in the state of starvation (Efeyan et al 2015). This explains findings of Semba et al (2016) who showed that low serum concentrations of all nine essential amino acids, with conditionally essential amino acids (arginine, glycine and glutamine), non-essential amino acids (asparagine, glutamate and serine) and six different sphingolipids are associated with child stunting in Malawi. The study also found significant differences in phosphatidylcholines which are involved in chondrogenesis, a major determinant of linear growth, underscoring the causal association of poor growth in the state of under-nutrition and inadequate dietary intake of essential amino acids and choline.…”
Section: Social Interactions and Their Effects On Growth In Heightmentioning
confidence: 53%
“…Restoring tryptophan levels reduced inflammation and increased the production of antimicrobial peptides by the intestinal epithelium, showing that ACE2 regulates dietary amino acid homeostasis, innate immunity, inflammation, and gut microbial ecology in a tryptophan-dependent manner (35). Furthermore, children at high risk for stunting often have limited tryptophan in their diets (36), and it has been shown previously that stunted children have lower serum concentrations of all nine essential amino acids, including tryptophan (37). Low plasma tryptophan is a predictor of poorer subsequent growth in boys and is associated with biomarkers of barrier disruption and intestinal and systemic inflammation in children of both genders (38).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In more recent work in >300 children aged 12-59 mo in rural Malawi, serum amino acids were measured by using stable isotope-dilution LC-tandem MS. Stunted children had significantly lower serum concentrations of all 9 essential amino acids and significantly lower serum concentrations of 3 conditionally essential amino acids, other nonessential proteinogenic amino acids, biogenic amines, amino acid metabolites, and sphingolipids and alterations in glycerophospholipids (23). Tryptophan may be the limiting essential amino acid in much of sub-Saharan Africa, because the primary source of energy in the diet is maize (Zea mays), a poor source of tryptophan (24).…”
Section: Deficiencies In Essential Amino Acids In Children With Stuntingmentioning
confidence: 99%