Child Restraint Device Use in Patients Leaving a Children's Hospital

Parent Driver Characteristics Associated with Sub-Optimal Restraint of Child Passengers

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Determining the Proportion of Children Too Heavy for Age-Appropriate Car Seats in a Practice-Based Research Network

“…However, given the general misuse of CSSs noted in observational studies, providers should not make that assumption. 15,[34][35][36] Some link between age, weight, and height generally appears in most state's CSS laws. 27 Some states require CSS use up to age 8 years, but more require use only up to age 6 years.…”

Identifying Information That Promotes Belt-Positioning Booster Use Volume I: Summary and Findings

“…Multiple studies have suggested that African American drivers use vehicle restraints less than their White counter-parts (Baker et al, 1998;Niemcryk et al, 1997;Zempsky et al, 1996;Vivoda et al, 2004;Margolis et al, 1992); however, additional studies have indicated that this difference is not significant after controlling for socioeconomic status (Russell et al, 1994). Baker et al found African American children and teenagers to be at higher risk for being involved in a fatal motor vehicle crash (NHTSA, 2006;Braver, 2003;Baker et al, 1998).…”

“…When examined separately, both low family income and educational attainment of less than a high school education (Funk et al, 2003;Hanfling et al, 2000;Russell et al, 1994) were strongly associated with lower prevalence of use. The driver's level of education may be a predictor of child safety seat use (Lane et al, 2000;Margolis et al, 1992); however, data from one study revealed that when race, primary medical source, and age were controlled, the parent's level of education and income were not important predictors of child safety seat use (Zempsky et al, 1996). One study examined multiple factors simultaneously and found several independent characteristics to be associated with an increased risk for sub-optimal restraint.…”