Child-Directed Marketing Inside and on the Exterior of Fast Food Restaurants

Ohri‐Vachaspati, Punam; Isgor, Zeynep; Rimkus, Leah; Powell, Lisa M.; Barker, Dianne C.; Chaloupka, Frank J.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.011

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1 Thus, it is possible that children with greater commercial TV exposure may be more receptive to fast food premiums because of greater exposure to toy ads or cross-promotional marketing practices. This study did not include other methods of child-directed marketing such websites, advergames, 14 restaurant signage and point of purchase marketing, 15 and we did not assess the child's dietary intake or food purchases (including children's meals) at fast food restaurants. Those measures should be addressed in a larger, more generalizable longitudinal study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Television Exposure, Fast Food Toy Collecting, and Family Visits to Fast Food Restaurants among Families Living in Rural Communities

Emond

Bernhardt

Gilbert‐Diamond

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To assess the associations between children's exposure to TV networks that aired child-directed advertisements for children's fast food meals with the collection of fast food meal toy premiums and frequency of family visits to those restaurants. Study design One hundred parents of children 3–7 years old were recruited from a rural pediatrics clinic during 2011; families receiving Medicaid were oversampled. Parents reported the child's television viewing habits and family visit frequency to the fast food restaurants participating in child-directed TV marketing at the time, and their child's requests for visits to and the collecting of toy premiums from those restaurants. Logistic regression models assessed adjusted associations between a child's TV viewing with more frequent restaurant visits (≥monthly in this population). Structural equation modeling assessed if child requests or toy collecting mediated that association. Results Thirty-seven percent of parents reported ≥monthly visits to the select fast food restaurants. Among children, 54% requested visits to and 29% collected toys from those restaurants. Greater child commercial TV viewing was significantly associated with more frequent family visits to those fast food restaurants (adjusted odds ratio 2.84 for each one-unit increase in the child's commercial TV viewing scale, p<0.001); toy collecting partially mediated that positive association. Conclusions Higher exposure among children to commercial TV networks that aired child-directed ads for children's fast food meals was associated with more frequent family visits to those fast food restaurants. Child desire for toy premiums may be a mediating factor.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Television Exposure, Fast Food Toy Collecting, and Family Visits to Fast Food Restaurants among Families Living in Rural Communities

Emond

Bernhardt

Gilbert‐Diamond

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other research has shown that ads for "non-core foods" (foods surplus to daily nutritional requirements) as well as ads for sugary beverages and alcohol appear commonly around schools, especially in lower socio-economic areas [16] and black neighborhoods [7]. Lower-income and black communities are also more likely to have childdirected fast-food marketing-including on the exterior of fast-food restaurants-in school-enrollment areas [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lesser et al showed that for every 10% increase in outdoor food advertising, there was a 5% greater odds of being overweight or obese, controlling for other factors [20]. While some outdoor food advertising occurs on the exteriors of food stores [21] and restaurants [17]-raising the possibility that it is the presence of food sources that matters for behavior rather than the advertising itself-the Lesser et al study specifically excluded storefront ads [20], suggesting the particular and independent importance of other advertising in communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unhealthful Food-and-Beverage Advertising in Subway Stations: Targeted Marketing, Vulnerable Groups, Dietary Intake, and Poor Health

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unhealthful food-and-beverage advertising often targets vulnerable groups. The extent of such advertising in subway stations has not been reported and it is not clear how ad placement may relate to subway ridership or community demographics, or what the implications might be for diets and diet-related health in surrounding communities. Riding all subway lines (n = 7) in the Bronx, NY, USA, investigators systematically assessed all print ads (n = 1586) in all stations (n = 68) in 2012. Data about subway ridership came from the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Demographic data on surrounding residential areas came from the U.S. Census Bureau. Data on dietary intake and diet-related conditions came from a city health-department survey. There were no ads promoting "more-healthful" food-or-beverage items (i.e., fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, water or milk). There were many ads for "less-healthful" items (e.g., candies, chips, sugary cereals, frozen pizzas, "energy" drinks, coffee confections, hard alcohol, and beer). Ad placement did not relate to the number of riders entering at stations. Instead, exposure to food-or-beverage ads generally, and to "less-healthful" ads particularly (specifically ads in Spanish, directed at youth, and/or featuring minorities), was directly correlated with poverty, lower high-school graduation rates, higher percentages of Hispanics, and/or higher percentages of children in surrounding residential areas. Correlations were robust to sensitivity analyses. Additional analyses suggested correlations between ad exposures and sugary-drink consumption, fruit-and-vegetable intake, and diabetes, hypertension, and high-cholesterol rates. Subway-station ads for "less-healthful" items were located disproportionately in areas home to vulnerable populations facing diet and diet-related-health challenges. The fact that uneven ad placement did not relate to total rider counts suggests ads were not directed at the largest possible audiences but rather targeted to specific groups.

show abstract

“…Fast food restaurants represent another setting where food marketing would be expected, but only the impact of promotional techniques used in fast food restaurants 59,60 has been studied in Canada. International research has documented food marketing in other settings (restaurants, 63 sports centres 64 and outside 65 ) and thus, this review likely underestimates Canadian children's exposure. Foods high in energy, fat, sugar and salt were commonly marketed in all settings, which is consistent with findings from other research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food marketing to children in Canada: a settings-based scoping review on exposure, power and impact

Prowse

2017

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Food marketing impacts children's food knowledge, behaviours and health. Current regulations in Canada focus on restricting promotional aspects of food marketing with little-to-no consideration of the places where children experience food. Understanding food marketing in children's everyday settings is necessary to protect children. This scoping review describes the current literature on food marketing to children in Canada by setting.

show abstract

Child-Directed Marketing Inside and on the Exterior of Fast Food Restaurants

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Commercial Television Exposure, Fast Food Toy Collecting, and Family Visits to Fast Food Restaurants among Families Living in Rural Communities

Commercial Television Exposure, Fast Food Toy Collecting, and Family Visits to Fast Food Restaurants among Families Living in Rural Communities

Unhealthful Food-and-Beverage Advertising in Subway Stations: Targeted Marketing, Vulnerable Groups, Dietary Intake, and Poor Health

Food marketing to children in Canada: a settings-based scoping review on exposure, power and impact

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About